中俄警察体能训练与考核标准的比较研究

Comparative Research on Physical Training and Assessment Standards of Chinese and Russian Police Officers

研究目的:该文比较分析了中国公安民警与俄罗斯联邦内务机构警察在体能训练与考核标准的共性与差异,针对我国公安民警体能训练方法单一、训练过程枯燥,以及考核指标可选择性较少等问题,借鉴俄罗斯联邦内务机构警察体能训练的先进经验,为我国公安民警改善体能训练系统与更新体能考核标准提供有益的参考与借鉴。研究方法:文献资料法、对比分析法等。研究结论:一是中俄两国对于警察体能训练的重视程度都相当高,中国公安民警体能训练内容较为全面,但训练内容和方法缺乏创新性和针对性,而俄罗斯联邦内务机构体能训练系统较为成熟,训练内容与方法多与体育学科交叉融合,较为注重个体差异性。二是在体能考核测试中都注重考查警察的有氧耐力、无氧耐力、上肢力量和灵敏性等能力,但中俄两国在警察体能考核具体内容和标准方面存在明显差异。在体能考核标准中,中国不同年龄段和不同性别的公安民警均有不同的测试标准,充分考虑了身体素质与年龄和性别相关的差异,但存在考核指标选择较少、更新速度较慢的问题;而在俄罗斯警察体能考核中,体能测试指标可选择性较多,且标准要求更高,但存在忽视考核项目难度与年龄相关的问题。

Research objective:This article compares and analyzes the similarities and differences in physical training and assessment standards between Chinese public security police officers and Russian Federation internal affairs police officers.In view of the problems of single physical training methods,boring training process,and limited selective assessment indicators for Chinese public security police,this article provides useful references and guidance for improving the physical training system and updating the physical assessment standards for Chinese public security police officers by drawing on the advanced experience of physical training for Russian Federation internal affairs police officers.Research methods:Using methods of Literature Review,Comparative Analysis.Research conclusions:(1)Both China and Russia attach great importance to physical training for police officers.The physical training content for Chinese public security police officers is relatively comprehensive,but the training content and methods lack innovation and pertinence.The physical training system of the Russian Federation's internal affairs police officers is relatively mature,with training content and methods that are often integrated with sports disciplines,and with a focus on individual differences.(2)In physical fitness assessment tests,police are evaluated on their aerobic endurance,anaerobic endurance,upper limb strength,and agility.However,there are notable differences in the specific content and standards of physical fitness assessment between China and Russia.In the physical fitness assessment standards,there are different testing standards for police officers of different ages and genders in China,taking full account of the differences in physical fitness related to age and gender.However,there are problems of fewer assessment indicators and slower updates;In the physical fitness assessment of the Russian police,there are more options for physical fitness test indicators and higher standards,but there are also problems of neglecting the difficulty of assessment items and age-related issues.