小品种乳细胞外囊泡分离鉴定及生物学特性研究进展

Research Progress on the Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Minor Dairy Animals

乳源细胞外囊泡(milk-derived extracellular vesicles,MEVs)是一类由乳腺上皮细胞分泌的纳米级双层膜囊泡,携带蛋白质、核酸和脂质等生物活性分子,在细胞间信号传递和免疫调节等方面发挥关键作用。尽管小品种乳因其产量较低并不常见于市场,但它们具有独特的营养价值和潜在的健康益处,亦值得深入探究与挖掘。本文综述羊乳、驼乳、牦牛乳、驴乳、水牛乳、猪乳和马乳中MEVs分离鉴定技术、形态学特征、组成及其生物学特性,提出小品种乳MEVs研究中存在的挑战和未来发展方向,旨在为小品种乳MEVs的进一步研究和应用提供理论基础和科学参考,促进小品种乳产业的发展。

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles(MEVs),originating from mammary epithelial cells,are nanoscale double-layered membrane vesicles transporting bioactive molecules like proteins,nucleic acids,and lipids,being crucial for intercellular communication and immune regulation.Although milk from minor animal species is not commonly found in the market due to its lower production,it possesses unique nutritional value and potential health benefits and is therefore worth exploring.This review covers the isolation and identification techniques,morphological characteristics,composition and biological characteristics of MEVs from goat,camel,yak,donkey,buffalo,porcine and horse milk.It points out the challenges and future directions in studying MEVs from minor dairy species,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and scientific guidance for further research and application of MEVs so as to foster the development of the minor species milk industry.