论李泽厚的“中国哲学史”研撰模式——兼论兵家为中国哲学的历史第一家

On Li Zehou's Research Model of“History of Chinese Philosophy”:Simultaneously on His View That Militarism Was the First School in Chinese Philosophy

李泽厚曾有撰写一部《中国哲学史》的构想。如果这一构想得以落实,则从整体历史梳理到具体思想呈现,李泽厚都会提出诸多新见解。他认为西方哲学是思辨的智慧,中国哲学则是“生活大于语言”。李泽厚以“巫史传统”与“一个世界”、“情理结构”与“实用理性”、“儒道互补”与“儒法互用”(及“兼祧孟荀”)、“乐感文化”及“度的艺术”等广义的理论架构来共时性地看待中国哲学的主脉与精髓,形成了一种求“神”忘“形”的中国哲学史撰写模式。其以“情本体”为内核的历史撰写模式有意突显中国哲学的“外王”线索,主张荀子、董仲舒、朱熹等人代表的“经世致用”传统才是儒家哲学的正脉。值得注意的是,李泽厚曾说撰写《中国哲学史》会从兵家写起,即以兵家为中国哲学的历史第一家。所谓“兵家辩证法”,源于中国古人从“实用理性”出发对战争经验的总结。从兵家到道家再到法家、从兵家到墨家再到法家,构成了两条正作用力的线索;从兵家到儒家构成了反作用力的一条线索。从兵家开始,中国哲学的“实用理性”与“一个世界”的本质得以凸显。

Li Zehou(1930-2021)once conceived of writing A History of Chinese philosophy.If this idea was implemented,Li Zehou would put forward many new insights from the overall historical changes to specific ideological presentations.He believes that Western philosophy is the wisdom of speculation,while Chinese philosophy lies in that“living is greater than language”.Li Zehou used broad theoretical frameworks such as“the tradition of witchcraft and history”and“one world”,“the structure of emotion and reason”and“practical rationality”,“the complementarity between Confucianism and Daoism”and“the mutual appropriation of Confucianism and Legalism”(as well as“inheritance of both Mencius and Xunzi's doctrines”),“the culture of musical sense”and“the art of moderation”to view the main pulse and essence of Chinese philosophy in a synchronic manner,forming a writing mode of Chinese philosophical history that seeks“spirit”and forgets“form”.The historical writing model centering on his“emotion-based ontology”intentionally highlights the“waiwang”(manifesting sageliness in service to society)thread of Chinese philosophy,advocating that the“practical application”tradition represented by Xunzi(313-238 BCE),Dong Zhongshu(179-104BCE),Zhu Xi(1130-1200),and others forms the main thread of Confucian philosophy.It is worth noting that Li Zehou once said that the writing of A History of Chinese philosophy would start with the militarism,which takes it as the first school in the history of Chinese philosophy.The socalled“militarism dialectics”originated from the ancient Chinese people's summary of war experience based on“practical rationality”.From militarism to Daoism and then to Legalism,from militarism to Mohism and then to Legalism,two clues of positive force took shapes.From militarism to Confucianism constitutes a clue as counterforce.Starting from militarism,the essence of“practical rationality”and“one world”of Chinese philosophy were highlighted.