基于结构方程模型的长沙市初中生吸烟行为影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Smoking Behavior of Junior Middle School Students in Changsha City Based on Structural Equation Model

目的了解长沙市初中生吸烟行为的现状及影响因素,为进一步优化青少年控烟措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样法在全市共抽取初中学生1648名,使用全球青少年烟草调查核心问卷对在校学生进行自填问卷调查。结果长沙市初中生尝试使用烟草率和现在使用烟草率分别为8.31%和2.00%,男生均高于女生。Logistic回归分析显示,认为二手烟没有危害、父母吸烟、好友吸烟是导致初中生吸烟行为的危险因素。结构方程模型显示:对初中生吸烟行为影响最大的因素为吸烟环境,其次为对烟草的认知;影响烟草易感性的最重要因素为对烟草的认知。结论长沙市青少年吸烟率低于全国水平。青少年控烟工作应更注重无烟环境建设,发挥父母、老师及同伴的控烟示范作用,提高青少年对烟草危害的正确认知。

Objective To investigate the status of smoking behavior and influencing factors among junior middle school students in Changsha and to provide a scientific basis for further optimizing tobacco control measures among adolescents.Methods A total of 1648 junior high school students were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method.The Global Youth Tobacco Survey(GYTS)Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions was used to conduct a self-administered questionnaire among school students.Results The overall rate of ever used tobacco and the overall currently used tobacco rate of junior high school students in Changsha were 8.31%and 2.00%,respectively.Boys were higher than girls.Logistic regression analysis showed that second-hand smoke was not harmful,and smoking by parents and friends were the risk factors for smoking behavior of junior high school students.The structural equation model showed that smoking environment was the most influential factor on smoking behavior of junior high school students,followed by the cognition of tobacco;the most important factor affecting tobacco susceptibility was the cognition of tobacco.Conclusion The smoking rate of junior middle school students in Changsha is lower than that of the national level.More attention should be paid to the construction of smoke-free environment,and the exemplary role of parents,teachers and peers in tobacco control should be brought into play,so as to improve the correct understanding of tobacco harm among adolescents.