地区医疗资源配置与老年人焦虑和抑郁风险的关系分析

The Relationship Between Regional Healthcare Resource Allocation and the Risk of Anxiety and Depression in the Elderly Population

目的 探究地区医疗资源配置与我国老年人群焦虑和抑郁风险的关系。方法 利用2018年中国老年健康调查(CLHLS)的微观数据和2018年度《中国统计年鉴》的宏观数据,选取23个地区60岁及以上研究样本共12 450例,使用Logit模型分析医疗资源配置与老年人焦虑及抑郁风险的关系。结果 研究结果表明,在控制了年龄、性别、慢性病等因素后,地区每千人口卫生技术人员每增加1人,老年人罹患焦虑与抑郁的风险分别降低12.5%与14.7%;地区每千人口医疗机构床位数每增加1张,老年人罹患抑郁的风险降低17.4%。此外,异质性结果表明:提高每千人口卫生技术人员数对降低农村老年人焦虑与抑郁风险的作用明显,提高地区每千人口医疗机构床位数对降低城市老年人焦虑及抑郁风险的作用明显。结论 地区医疗资源配置与老年人罹患焦虑与抑郁的风险呈负相关。政府部门应持续提升我国各地区医疗资源配置水平,并在农村地区重点提升每千人口卫生技术人员数,在城市地区重点提升每千人口医疗机构床位数。

Objective To explore the relationship between regional medical resource allocation and the risk of anxiety and depression among the elderly in China.Methods Microdata from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and macro-level data from the 2018 China Statistical Yearbook were utilized.A total of 12450 individuals aged 60 and above from 23 regions were selected as the research sample.The impact of regional healthcare resource allocation on the risk of depression and anxiety in the elderly was assessed using a Logit model.Results The results showed that after controlling for age,gender,chronic diseases and other factors,the risk of anxiety and depression in the elderly decreased by 12.5%and 14.7%respectively for every additional 1000 health technicians in the region;the risk of depression among the elderly was reduced by 17.4%for each additional bed in medical institutions per 1000 people in the region.In addition,the heterogeneity results showed that increasing the number of health technicians per 1000 population had a significant effect on reducing the risk of anxiety and depression in rural elderly,and increasing the number of beds in medical institutions per 1000 population had a significant effect on reducing the risk of anxiety and depression in urban elderly.Conclusion The allocation of regional medical resources is negatively related to the risk of anxiety and depression in the elderly.The government should continuously improve the allocation of medical resources in various regions of China,and focus on increasing the number of health technical personnel per thousand population in rural areas,and the number of medical institution beds per thousand population in urban areas.