课堂沉默:表现形式、影响因素与应对策略

The Manifestations,Influencing Factors,and Coping Strategies of Classroom Silence

课堂沉默是学生课堂参与的表现形式之一,既包括积极思考的沉默,也包括消极回避的沉默;既可能是学生出于个人意愿而主动选择的表达方式,也可能是学生由于外部因素而被动承受的某种境况。课堂沉默具有动态性和情境性等特点。基于课堂教学中不同的互动环节和学生的参与方式,将课堂沉默划分为四个维度:听课沉默(教师在讲时的课堂沉默)提问沉默(教师在提问时的课堂沉默)、讨论沉默(教师要求分组和交流讨论时的沉默)和评价沉默(教师要求对他人或对自己的评价表明自己态度时的沉默)。课堂沉默蕴含丰富的教育意义,教师应当有效识别和利用课堂沉默,巧妙引导课堂沉默的相互转化,以及构建与维护积极的课堂沉默文化。

Classroom silence is one of the manifestations of students'classroom participation.It includes both the si-lence of positive thinking and the silence of negative avoidance;It can be either a mode of expression that students choose actively based on personal preference or a situation that students passively endure due to external factors.It has the char-acteristics of dynamic and situational.Based on the different interactive links and students'participation methods in class-room teaching,it is divided into four dimensions:listening silence(the classroom silence when the teacher is speaking),questioning silence(the classroom silence when the teacher is asking questions),and discussion silence(silence when teachers require grouping,communication and discussion)and evaluation silence(silence when teachers require evaluation of others or themselves to express their attitudes).In addition,classroom silence contains rich educational significance.Teachers should effectively identify and utilize classroom silence,skillfully guide the mutual transformation of classroom silence,and build and maintain a positive classroom silence culture.