黑龙江省生态系统服务价值估算及其生态安全格局构建

Ecosystem Service Value Estimation and Ecological Security Pattern in HeilongjiangProvince

为了维持生态系统功能和保障生态安全,估算生态系统服务价值并构建生态安全格局是其有效解决措施和途径.针对生态系统服务价值估算与生态安全格局构建方面尚缺乏系统性研究的现状,基于生态系统服务价值和形态学空间格局分析提取生态源地,根据地理位置、海拔高度等自然条件选取土地利用类型、景观格局类型、高程、坡度和归一化植被指数共5个影响因子建立阻力面,利用最小累积阻力模型识别潜在生态廊道,以此构建黑龙江省生态安全格局,并以2000~2020年为时间跨度进行纵向分析.结果表明:①黑龙江省生态系统服务价值总体呈上升趋势(幅度达42%),水文调节服务价值在不同服务类型中占比最大(约占30%),林地服务价值在不同土地利用类型中占比最大(达到70%);②共提取8处生态源地,主要分布在大兴安岭、小兴安岭、长白山和完达山周围区域,其中大兴安岭地区的生态源地面积最大;③识别出28条潜在生态廊道,主要分布在黑河市-牡丹江市分界线的东北侧,并在七台河市、牡丹江市北部和鸡西市南部形成网络密集区域;④构建了以大兴安岭地区、牡丹江市、双鸭山市为端点,伊春市为中心的黑龙江省生态安全网络格局,其空间分布的不均衡为当前面临的主要问题.研究结果有助于制定和建立更为合理的生态环境保护措施与政策,可为省域生态系统保护与优化提供参考和科学依据.

To maintain ecosystem functions and ensure ecological security,estimating the value of ecosystem services and constructing an ecological security pattern are necessary.Considering the lack of systematic research on the estimation of ecosystem service value and the construction of ecological security pattern,this study extracted the ecological source based on the analysis of ecosystem service value and morphological spatial pattern.According to the natural conditions such as geographical location and altitude,land use type,landscape pattern type,elevation,slope,and normalized difference vegetation index were selected to establish the resistance surface.The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify potential ecological corridors,so as to construct the ecological security pattern of Heilongjiang Province,and longitudinal analysis was conducted from 2000 to 2020.The results showed that:①The overall value of ecosystem services in Heilongjiang Province showed an upward trend(with an amplitude of 42%),the value of hydrological regulation services accounted for the largest proportion among different service types(approximately 30%),and the value of forest land services accounted for the largest proportion among different land use types(up to 70%).②Eight ecological source areas were extracted,mainly distributed around Greater Khingan Mountains,Lesser Khingan Mountains,Changbai Mountain,and Wanda Mountain,with the largest area of ecological source in Greater Khingan Mountains.③Twenty-eight potential ecological corridors were identified,mainly distributed in the northeastern side of the line from Heihe City to Mudanjiang City,forming densely populated areas in Qitaihe City,northern Mudanjiang City,and southern Jixi City.④An ecological security network pattern in Heilongjiang Province was constructed with Greater Khingan Mountains Region,Mudanjiang City,and Shuangyashan City as endpoints and Yichun City as the center,finding that the main problem faced at that time was uneven spatial distribution.The research results are helpful to formulate and establish more reasonable ecological environment protection measures and policies and can provide reference value and scientific basis for provincial ecosystem protection and optimization.