基于作物累积砷镉差异的超标农区优先种植作物筛选

Screening for the Priority Crops in Over-standard Planting Region Based on the Difference in Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulated in Crops

开展重金属低累积作物筛选及替代种植可有效降低农产品重金属累积风险,然而,当前研究更多关注于单一重金属低累积作物的筛选,目标作物方面也更多地关注单一类型作物及其品种,对于不同作物类型的砷(As)和镉(Cd)累积差异及低累积作物种植优先推荐清单的研究还未见报道.利用文献数据Meta分析与野外调查相结合的方法开展了相关工作,结果表明,水稻籽粒ω(As)和ω(Cd)范围分别为0.11~0.624 mg·kg^(-1)和0.01~1.935 mg·kg^(-1),相同污染程度下,水稻相比玉米和叶菜类、瓜果类、根茎类蔬菜对As和Cd的累积风险相对更高;部分叶类蔬菜ω(As)和ω(Cd)存在明显超标现象,且其品种间As和Cd累积能力差异相比其他类型作物更大;玉米、瓜果类蔬菜、根茎类蔬菜替代水稻种植后其可食部位As和Cd累积风险的降低效果更加明显.综合上述结果,构建了基于污染分级的低累积作物种植优先推荐清单,并利用野外调查结果证明其具有一定的合理性.研究结果可为As和Cd污染农区种植作物类型或品种的优化选择及安全生产提供有效参考.

Conducting the screening and replanting of crops with low accumulation of heavy metals can effectively reduce the risk of heavy metal accumulation in agricultural products.However,current research focuses more on the screening of crops with low accumulation of a single heavy metal.Target crops also focus more on single-type crops and varieties.Research on the accumulation differences in arsenic and cadmium in different crop types and the priority recommendation list for the planting of low-accumulation crops is limited.This study used a combination of literature data meta-analysis and field survey methods to conduct the relevant work.The results showed that the range of arsenic and cadmium content in rice grains was 0.11-0.624 mg·kg^(-1) and 0.01-1.935 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Under the same pollution level,rice had a relatively higher risk of accumulating arsenic and cadmium than that in maize and leafy vegetables,fruit vegetables,and root and tuber vegetables.Some leafy vegetables had significantly higher arsenic and cadmium levels,and the difference in arsenic and cadmium accumulation ability between varieties of leafy vegetables was greater than that of other types of crops.The risk of arsenic and cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of maize,fruit vegetables,and root and tuber vegetables after replacing rice cultivation was more significant.Based on the above results,a priority recommendation list for the planting of low-accumulation crops based on pollution level was constructed.Field survey results showed that the list was reasonable to a certain extent.The relevant results of this study can provide effective reference for the optimization of crop type or variety selection and safe production in arsenic and cadmium-polluted soils.