消失义动补结构“V掉”的语义组配与情态类型

The combination rule and semantic extraction of result complement diao(掉)

本文以语义语法为理论指导,按照由内向外的逻辑顺序,以动词同补语“掉”的组配关系为切入点,逐层考察了“V掉”的语义组配规律、事态特征及其情态结构。首先,在组合层面,根据语义双向选择原则,系统揭示出只有[+消失义]动词才可以与“掉”组配,包括[+自主性]消除类动词和[-自主性]失变类动词;其次,在句子层面,“V掉”所搭配的事态演变方式可分为两类:“突变式”消失和“渐变式”消失,前者着眼于事件的外部视点,凸显事件的外在结果性;而后者着眼于事件的内部视点,凸显事件的内在过程性;最后,在情态层面,根据消失类动词的[±自主性]特征和“V掉”所处的“情势认知→行为意志→主体情感”的内在关联,还原并验证“V掉”所蕴含的主动“无奈”和被动“无奈”两类情态。

Based on the theoretical guidance of semantic grammar,according to the logical order from the inside to the out⁃side,this paper takes the combination relationship between the verb and the complement diao(掉)as the starting point,and examines layer by layer the combination rule,event characteristics and the modality structure of“V diao”.First of all,at the level of combination,according to the principle of the mutual semantic selection,it is systematically revealed that only[+van⁃ishing]verbs can be combined with diao,including[+autonomy]elimination verbs and[-autonomy]loss verbs.Secondly,at the sentence level,“V diao”can be divided into two categories in the way of event evolution:“abrupt”disappearance and“gradual”disappearance.The former focuses on the external point of view of the event and highlights the overall result of the event.The latter focuses on the internal point of view of the event and highlights the internal process of the event.Finally,at the modal level,on the basis of the[±autonomy]characteristics of disappearing verbs,and according to the internal correla⁃tion of“background cognition→behavioral will→subject emotion”,the active“helplessness”and passive“helplessness”contained in“V diao”are restored and verified.