以家庭为中心的延续性护理对儿童哮喘控制水平和生活质量的影响

Effect of family-centred continuity of care on the level of control and quality of life of children with asthma

目的探讨哮喘患儿中使用基于家庭为中心的延续护理对其哮喘的控制效果及对其生活质量的改善情况。方法选取2022年7月—2023年2月华中科技大学协和深圳医院儿科收治的82例支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象,按组间基线资料可比的原则分为对照组和观察组各41例。对照组采用包括一对一健康宣教及院外随访指导的常规护理,观察组采用以家庭为中心的延续护理,包括家庭教育、环境改良和功能干预。比较两组患儿在干预前、干预8周后的哮喘控制情况(C-ACT量表评分、平均哮喘发作次数及住院次数)、疾病知识认知水平(采用哮喘疾病知识问卷评估)、用药信念(采用服药信念特异性问卷中文版评估)以及生活质量(采用PAQLQ问卷进行评价)。结果干预8周后,观察组哮喘控制情况(C-ACT量表评分)优于对照组,平均哮喘发作次数、住院次数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组疾病认知得分、必要性信念得分高于对照组,顾虑信念得分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组生活质量中症状、情感、活动得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用基于家庭为中心的延续护理有利于降低支气管哮喘患儿的发病风险,提高对支气管哮喘患儿病情的控制水平,使其生活质量得到有效改善。

Objective To investigate the effect of using family-centred extended care on asthma control and the improvement of quality of life among children with asthma.Methods There were 82 children with bronchial asthma admitted to the hospital from July 2022 to February 2023 were selected as study subjects and divided into a control group and an observation group according to the principle of comparability of basic data between groups,with 41 cases in each group.The control group given the conventional interventions,including one-on-one health education and out-of-hospital followup guidance,the observation group applied the family-centred continuity of care,including family education,environmental improvement and functional interventions.The asthma control(C-ACT scale score,average number of asthma attacks and hospitalisation),disease knowledge awareness level(assessed by the Asthma Disease Knowledge Questionnaire),medication beliefs(assessed by the Chinese version of the Beliefs about Taking Medicines Questionnaire),and quality of life(assessed by the PAQLQ questionnaire)were compared between the two groups of children before the intervention,and after 8 weeks of the intervention.Results After 8 weeks of intervention,the asthma control(C-ACT scale score)of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);the average number of asthma apperance and hospitalisations time in the two groups was less than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);the scores of disease knowledge in the two groups were higher than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);and the scores of necessity beliefs in the two groups were higher than that of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).To campare the necessity belief scores of the two groups,the observation group was higher than the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The scores of various dimensions of the quality of life(symptoms,emotions,and activities)of the two groups,the observation group was higher than the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion To apply the family-centred continuity of care is conducive to strengthening the supervision of children with bronchial asthma and enhancing their beliefs in medication use,which in turn improves the level of asthma control and quality of life of the children.