製造國師:北宋政治與宗教之間的朱自英

Making a Teacher of the Dynasty:Zhu Ziying Between Politics and Religion in the Northern Song Dynasty

朱自英是北宋前中期的著名道士,本潛心修道,但在澶淵之盟後,被裹挾進政治之中。仁宗初期,朱自英受丁謂、王欽若等宰臣先後舉薦,又爲劉太后授道籙。由於與政治聨繫過度密切,當·仁宗朝新的政治觀念形成後,朱自英和茅山道教通過政治權力所獲的優勢資源也將喪失,他的“尸解”從根本上或許主要就是來自政治的壓力。故朱自英死後八十多年,茅山道士纔在政和崇道的背景下,爲他立碑,製造了一位“國師”。朱自英的人生遭遇展示出的不僅是個體的生命史,也是茅山道教的興衰史和北宋政治的演變史。

Zhu Ziying was a famous Taoist priest in the first and middle periods of the Northern Song Dynasty.He was originally devoted to Taoism,but was dragged into politics after the Alliance of Chanyuan.At the beginning of the Renzong period,Zhu Ziying was recommended by Ding Wei,Wang Qinruo and other ministers,and also taught Taoist incantations and magic symbols for Empress Dowager Liu.Because of the overly close connection with politics,when the Renzong dynasty's new political concepts were formed,Zhu Ziying and Maoshan Taoism through political power to gain the advantage of the resources would also be lost,and his death was fundamentally or perhaps mainly from the pressure of politics.Therefore,more than eighty years after Zhu Ziying's death,Maoshan Taoist priests set up a monument for him in the context of venerating Taoism,creating a"Teacher of Dynasty".Zhu Ziying's life experience shows not only the history of individual life,but also the history of the rise and fall of Maoshan Taoism and the history of the evolution of Northern Song politics.