2018—2022年徐州市无偿献血人群梅毒抗体筛查结果分析

Syphilis antibody screening results among volunteer blood donors in Xu-zhou City from 2018 to 2022

目的 回顾分析近5年来本地区无偿献血人群梅毒筛查情况,了解本地区献血人群梅毒流行特征,为提高血液安全性、避免血液资源浪费提供依据。方法 采用2种酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂对527 689份献血者血液标本进行梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)检测,比较不同特征献血者抗-TP双试剂阳性率。结果 2018—2022年徐州市献血人群抗-TP阳性率为0.20%;单试剂阳性率、双试剂阳性率分别为0.12%、0.08%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=49.652,P<0.001);一检试剂单边阳性率、二检试剂单边阳性率分别为0.07%、0.05%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.599,P=0.001);一检试剂复检符合率为76.44%,二检试剂为67.59%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.665,P<0.001)。献血者抗-TP ELISA双试剂检测阳性410例,男性阳性率为0.81‰,女性为0.73‰,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.031,P=0.310);36~45岁组献血者阳性率为0.99‰,高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=68.311,P<0.001);本科学历献血者阳性率为0.40‰,低于其他学历,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=37.425,P<0.001);外来务工、个体、工人、农民阳性率高于其他职业,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=50.466,P<0.001);初次献血阳性率为13.73‰,重复献血阳性率为0.13‰,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5 685.082,P<0.001)。结论 徐州地区抗-TP双试剂阳性献血人群以初次、中年、外来务工、农民、工人、个体、低学历人员为主,须重点加强征询排查,优化招募策略,扩大无偿献血宣传力度,建立较低危的固定献血者队伍,以保证临床血液安全。

Objective This study was aimed at retrospectively analyzing the syphilis screening results of voluntary blood donors in Xuzhou City in the past 5 years,to understand the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in blood donors in this region,and to provide a scientific basis for improving blood safety and avoiding wasting of blood resources.Methods Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits were used to detect antibodies to treponema pallidum(anti-TP) in527 689 blood donors.The positivity rates of anti-TP dual reagents in blood donors with different characteristics were compared.Results From 2018 to 2022,the positivity rate of anti-TP in blood donors in Xuzhou area was 0.20%.The positivity rates of single and double reagents were 0.12% and 0.08%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=49.652,P<0.001).The one-sided positivity rates of one-test and two-test reagents were 0.07% and 0.05%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=11.599,P=0.001).The coincidence rate of the first test reagent was 76.44%,and that of the second test reagent was 67.59%;the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=19.665,P<0.001).A total of410 blood donors tested positive for anti-TP ELISA dual reagents,and no significant difference in positivity rates was observed between male(0.81‰)and female(0.73‰)blood donors(χ~2=1.031,P=0.310).The positivity rate among 36-45 year old blood donors was 0.99‰,a value higher than those among other age groups,and the difference in positivity rates among age groups was statistically significant(χ~2=68.311,P<0.001).The positivity rate among blood donors with a bachelor's degree was 0.40‰,a value lower than those for donors with other educational backgrounds.The difference in positivity rates among blood donors with different educational backgroundswas statistically significant(χ~2=37.425,P<0.001).The posi-tivity rates among migrant workers,individuals,workers,and farmers were higher than those for other occupations,and the difference in positivity rates for different occupations was statistically significant(χ~2=50.466,P<0.001).The positivityrate of initial blood donation was 13.73‰,and that of repeated blood donation was 0.13‰;the difference was statistically sig-nificant(χ~2=5 685.082,P<0.001).Conclusions The positive anti-TP dual reagent blood donors in Xuzhou area were primar-ily first-time,middle-aged,migrant workers,farmers,workers,individuals,and people with low education.Therefore,consul-tation and screening,optimizing recruitment strategies,expanding publicity regarding blood donation,and establishing a low-er-risk group of regular blood donors must be strengthened to ensure clinical blood safety.