制造业发展战略、要素市场一体化与技术追赶

The Development Strategy of Manufacturing Industry,the Integration of Factor Markets,and Technology Catch-up

本文以制造业发展战略第一个十年行动纲领实施为准自然实验,考察了制造业发展战略对技术差距的影响。研究发现:制造业发展战略显著缩小了中国制造业重点领域上市公司与发达国家技术差距,而且这种影响主要是通过协同创新、关键核心技术突破、专业技术人才支撑、经营管理人才支撑等机制实现的。进一步地,要素市场一体化增强了制造业发展战略的实施效果,劳动力市场和资本市场一体化产生了显著影响,但技术市场一体化的影响不明显。要素市场一体化强化了协同创新、关键核心技术突破、专业技术人才支撑和经营管理人才支撑等机制,但未改善科技成果转化和技能人才支撑机制。异质性分析表明,对于政策配套程度高、政策部门协同度高、政府绩效考核加码的地区,以及“准前沿”行业,制造业发展战略的实施效果更明显。本文的研究为制造业发展战略实施和重点领域技术进步提供了有益的参考依据。

Manufacturing is the foundation and a pillar industry of the national economy.Since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy,China’s manufacturing industry has achieved remarkable achievements,making China the world’s largest manufacturing country.However,China’s manufacturing industry is large but not strong,and it still lags far behind the world’s advanced level in many fields.How to continuously narrow the technological gap between China’s manufacturing industry and developed countries is a question of great significance and urgency.This paper uses the difference in difference method to study how the implementation of the manufacturing development strategy can narrow the gap with the world’s cutting-edge technology in some fields based on enterprise-level data from 2010 to 2021 in China.Furthermore,it examines the role of factor markets integration in narrowing the technological gap in key areas of the manufacturing development strategy.The study finds that the implementation of the manufacturing development strategy has significantly narrowed the gap between enterprises in key fields and the world’s cutting-edge technologies,and this effect is enhanced by the integration of factor markets.Compared with the integration of technology markets,the integration of labor and capital markets better enhances the effectiveness of the manufacturing development strategy.This effect is mainly achieved through technological innovation mechanisms such as collaborative innovation and breakthroughs in key core technologies,as well as talent support mechanisms for professionals,technical personnel,and business management personnel.Moreover,the integration of factor markets has significantly strengthened the mechanisms of collaborative innovation,breakthroughs in key core technologies,and support for professionals,technical personnel,and business management personnel included in the development strategy.Heterogeneous analysis has found that the manufacturing development strategy is more effective in regions with high policy support,better coordination among policy-making departments,and increased performance assessments,as well as“quasi-frontier”industries.The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows.First,the paper analyzes how the implementation of the manufacturing development strategy affects the technological gap and to what degree,and expands the research field of industrial policy and technological progress.Second,the paper clarifies the role of factor markets integration,and provides a reference for narrowing the technological gap in key areas through industrial policies.Third,the paper examines the heterogeneous impact of the manufacturing development strategy due to different regional and industry characteristics,and provides a reference for policy making.