基于元认知支架的小学编程教学模式设计与构建——以小学python课程为例

Design and Construction of Children’s Programming Teaching Model Based on Metacognitive Scaffolding——Taking the Python Course in Primary School as an Example

智能时代来临,儿童编程教育开始普及。然而,当前多数编程教学模式预设固定操作路径,忽视学生“如何学”,学生缺乏独立探索契机。如何引导学生学习编程已成为当前小学编程教学亟须解决的重要问题。有研究表明,元认知能力可助力编程调控与反思,能有效促进编程学习。因此,该研究将元认知支架引入编程教学,根据编程的问题解决过程对元认知支架进行具体分类与设计,构建了基于元认知支架的小学python编程教学模式并应用于具体教学中,最后通过数据分析发现,该教学模式的实施显著提高了学生的元认知能力和学业成绩。该研究探索了将元认知支架与编程教学相融合的实践途径,以期丰富元认知编程教学方式,为小学教师引导学生学会编程提供参考案例。

With the advent of the intelligent era,children’s programming education has become popular.However,most of the current programming teaching models preset fi xed operation paths,ignoring how students learn,and thus resulting in students’lack of independent exploration.How to guide students to learn programming is an important focus of current programming teaching.Some studies have shown that metacognition can help programming regulation and refl ection,and effectively infl uence the programming learning process.Therefore,this study intends to introduce metacognitive scaffolding into programming teaching.Based on the problem solving process of programming,the metacognitive scaff olding is specifi cally classifi ed and designed under the guidance of metacognitive theory,and the elementary school python programming teaching model based on metacognitive scaff olding is constructed and applied to specific teaching.Finally,through the data collection and analysis,it is found that the implementation of this teaching model signifi cantly improves the metacognitive ability of students,academic performance.By exploring the practical way of integrating metacognitive scaff olding and programming teaching,this paper aims to enrich the metacognitive programming teaching method and provide reference cases for primary and secondary school teachers to guide students to learn programming.