无人驾驶汽车交通事故侵权责任主体认定研究

Research on the Identification of Tort Liability Subjects in Driverless Car Traffic Accidents

随着汽车工业与人工智能技术的发展,无人驾驶汽车已逐渐普及。因技术存在一定的不确定性,这一发展同样伴随着风险,其中无人驾驶汽车发生交通事故之后的责任主体认定困境即为风险之一。因无人驾驶汽车的特质性,现行立法在认定责任主体时存在一定的困难。因此,应该结合我国无人驾驶汽车的发展与应用境况,以及我国对无人驾驶汽车的法律既有设计,考察理论界对无人驾驶汽车发生交通事故的讨论,寻求一条对被侵权人合适的救济路径,而这一救济路径的前提即是正确认定责任主体。在责任主体的认定方面,当汽车的自动驾驶等级达致高等级时,应该寻求认定产品生产者与销售者为责任主体而非使用人,作为应对无人驾驶汽车带来的风险与挑战的一个方面。

With the development of the automotive industry and artificial intelligence technology,driver⁃less cars have gradually become popular.Due to technological limitations,this development is also accompa⁃nied by risks,of which the dilemma identified by the responsible entity after a traffic accident in a driver⁃less car is one of the risks.Due to the nature of driverless cars,the current legislation has certain diffi⁃culties in identifying the responsible subjects.Combined with the development and application of driver⁃less cars in China and the existing legal design of driverless cars in China,we should examine the discussion of traffic accidents caused by driverless cars in theoretical circles and seek a suitable remedy path for the infringed,and the premise of this remedy path is to correctly identify the responsible subject.In terms of determining the responsible entity,when the autonomous driving level of the car reaches a high level,it is necessary to seek to identify the product manufacturer and seller as the responsible entity rather than the user,as part of the risk and challenge brought by driverless vehicles.