生活方式及饮食习惯与口腔癌患病风险关系的Meta分析

Meta-analysis on the Relationship Between Lifestyle and Dietary Habits and the Risk of Oral Cancer

目的 通过循证方法探讨个人生活方式及饮食习惯与口腔癌患病风险之间的关系,为口腔癌防治措施的制订与实施提供依据。方法 计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方、Embase、PubMed和Cochrane Library数据库,收集建库至2023年10月发表的关于口腔癌危险因素的病例对照研究文献,并应用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入研究进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入16篇文献,包含5 982例患者。Meta分析结果显示,口腔癌的保护因素有食用鱼类[OR=0.55,95%CI(0.51,0.60)]、海鲜[OR=0.49,95%CI(0.45,0.53)]、奶类及奶制品[OR=0.60,95%CI(0.56,0.65)]、蛋类[OR=0.71,95%CI(0.65,0.78)]、绿叶蔬菜[OR=0.28,95%CI(0.25,0.32)]、非绿叶蔬菜[OR=0.34,95%CI(0.31,0.38)]、水果[OR=0.32,95%CI(0.29,0.35)]、补充维生素[OR=0.40,95%CI(0.29,0.55)]以及补充保健品[OR=0.40,95%CI(0.30,0.53)](均P<0.001);口腔癌的危险因素有食用腌制品[OR=1.15,95%CI(1.05,1.25)]、饮酒[OR=2.05,95%CI(1.85,2.28)]以及吸烟[OR=1.87,95%CI(1.59,2.20)](均P<0.01)。结论 个人生活方式及饮食习惯与口腔癌发病关系密切,经常食用鱼类、海鲜、奶类及奶制品、蛋类、蔬菜、水果以及补充维生素和保健品可降低口腔癌的患病风险;而经常食用腌制品以及经常饮酒、吸烟则会增加口腔癌的患病风险,医护人员应根据患者情况进行针对性健康宣教及干预,以减低口腔癌患病风险。

Objective To explore the relationship between personal lifestyle and dietary habits and the risk of oral cancer using evidence-based methods,aiming to establish a foundation for developing and implementing prevention and treatment strategies for oral cancer.Methods Articles regarding case-control studies on risk factors of oral cancer were retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,Embase,PubMed and Cochrane Library from their establishment to October 2023.The Meta-analysis of the included articles was conducted using Rev-Man 5.3.Results A total of 16 articles were included,involving 5982 patients.Based on the Metaanalysis results,the protective factors of oral cancer included consuming fish [OR=0.55,95%CI(0.51,0.60)],consuming seafood [OR=0.49,95%CI(0.45,0.53)],consuming milk and dairy products [OR=0.60,95%CI(0.56,0.65)],consuming eggs [OR=0.71,95%CI(0.65,0.78)],consuming green vegetable [OR=0.28,95%CI(0.25,0.32)],consuming non-green vegetable [OR=0.34,95%CI(0.31,0.38)],consuming fruits [OR=0.32,95%CI(0.29,0.35)],supplementing vitamins [OR=0.40,95%CI(0.29,0.55)] and consuming healthcare products [OR=0.40,95%CI(0.30,0.53)](P<0.001 for all);the risk factors of oral cancer included consuming pickled products [OR=1.15,95%CI(1.05,1.25)],drinking alcohol [OR=2.05,95%CI(1.85,2.28)] and smoking [OR=1.87,95%CI(1.59,2.20)](P<0.01 for all).Conclusion Personal lifestyle and dietary habits are closely related to the incidence of oral cancer.Frequent consumption of fish,seafood,milk and dairy products,eggs,vegetables and fruits and supplementation of vitamins and healthcare products can reduce the risk of oral can-cer;however,frequent consumption of pickled products and alcohol and smoking can increase the risk of oral cancer.Healthcare providers should carry out targeted health education and intervention according to patients' conditions to reduce the risk of oral cancer.