论平台企业涉第三方法律纠纷之责任承担——以外包骑手致第三人损害为例

Liability of Platform Enterprises in Legal Disputes Involving the Third Party--A Case Analysis of Outsourced Delivery Rider Causing Damage to a Third Party

外卖行业中存在着大量的外包现象,平台企业通过承包协议将配送业务外包给承包商。当骑手在配送过程中发生事故致第三人损害时,由于承包协议的存在,法院往往只能要求骑手承担赔偿责任,或者依据《中华人民共和国民法典》第1191条要求承包商替代骑手承担赔偿责任,平台企业则隐藏于算法之后而规避其本身应当承担的赔偿责任。若突破外包模式之表征,从平台企业与承包商对骑手的实际控制来看,平台企业与承包商均应成为替代责任之主体。然而,由于平台企业与承包商对于骑手的控制程度存在差异,因此二者所承担的替代责任也应当随着控制程度之差异而予以区分。此外,骑手并非脱离于责任之外,在骑手存在重大过失之情形下,平台企业与承包商也存有向其追偿之权利。

Delivery rider outsourcing prevails in the food-delivery business.After the contractor signs an agreement with the platform enterprise for the delivery business,the platform enterprise gets covered up with the algorithm in this special mode of outsourcing so as to avoid the legal liabilities it should bear,such as the vicarious liability stipulated in Article 1191 of the Civil Code.In cases of outsourced delivery rider causing damage to a third party,both platform enterprises and contractors should be the subjects of vicarious liability considering their actual control of delivery riders if the court judges beyond the superficial characteristic of the outsourcing mode.However,platform enterprises and contractors have different degrees of control over the delivery riders,their vicarious liability should go with the different degree of control.In addition,the delivery rider is not exempt from his/her liability,and the platform enterprise and contractor are entitled to pursue recovery from the delivery rider when he/she commits gross negligence.