激光清洗技术及其在涂层清洗中的应用现状

Development of Laser Cleaning Technology and Its Typical Application Research Progress

激光清洗是一种新型表面清洗方法,利用激光与材料作用瞬间产生的高热量使材料表面烧蚀汽化或急剧热膨胀等理化作用实现表层附着物去除。该技术具有无机械损伤、无化学腐蚀、环境污染小、清洗效率高、适用范围广等特点。国内外学者对激光清洗的原理进行了多维度深入研究,并将其应用于去除金属涂层、聚合物涂层、锈蚀层、污染层等方面。目前,多光束耦合清洗技术、清洗过程智能化监测技术以及清洗附加影响效应等方面的研究相对较少,需要更多的学者进行深入研究。对激光清洗技术的发展历程进行了梳理,介绍了激光清洗的分类与作用机制,介绍了激光清洗技术在涂层去除中的典型应用,并讨论了该技术未来发展趋势及研究方向,旨在为更多的学者提供帮助。

Laser cleaning is a novel surface cleaning method that utilizes the high heat generated from the interaction between laser light and materials to remove surface contaminants through phenomena such as ablation,vaporization,or rapid thermal expansion.This technology features advantages such as no mechanical damage,no chemical corrosion,minimal environmental pollution,high cleaning efficiency,and a wide range of applications.Scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted in-depth research on the principles of laser cleaning from multiple perspectives and have applied it to the removal of metal coatings,polymer coatings,rust layers,and contaminants.Currently,research on multi-beam coupling cleaning technology,intelligent monitoring of the cleaning process,and additional influencing effects during cleaning is relatively limited,indicating a need for more scholars to conduct in-depth studies in these areas.This paper reviewed the development history of laser cleaning technology,introduced the classifications and mechanisms of laser cleaning,presented typical applications of laser cleaning technology in coating removal,and discussed future trends and research directions for this technology,aiming to provide assistance to more researchers.