变压器电弧故障防爆燃技术现状与发展趋势

State and Prospects of Explosion-combustion Prevention Technology for Transformer Arc Faults

变压器是输电系统中最重要的设备之一,变压器油箱内电弧放电引起的压力上升极易导致油箱爆炸甚至引发大规模火灾事故,严重威胁电力系统的安全运行。为此从变压器状态监测、状态评价等方面总结了变压器故障预警技术的发展,介绍了变压器电弧故障快速清除的策略,从变压器电弧故障压力特征研究、变压器油箱优化设计、压力释放技术等方面阐述了变压器本体防爆技术的发展,并简要介绍了变压器火灾消防技术。另外,对比分析了现有变压器防爆燃技术的优势与不足,提出从预警、清除、防爆、消防等4个层级建立全面立体的变压器电弧故障爆燃防御体系,为变压器电弧防爆燃技术发展、保障输电系统安全可靠运行提供完整的思路。

Transformer is one of the most important devices in a power transmission system.The pressure rise caused by arc faults in the transformer oil tank can easily lead to tank explosion and even combustion,causing large-scale fire accidents and posing a serious threat to the safe operation of the power system.In this paper,the development of transformer fault warning technology is summarized from the aspects of transformer status monitor and evaluation,the strategy for quickly clearing transformer arc faults is introduced,and the development of transformer explosion-proof technology is elaborated from the aspects of transformer arc fault pressure characteristics research,transformer oil tank optimization design,and pressure release technology.Transformer fire protection technology is also briefly introduced.Based on summarizing the research on transformer arc fault explosion,this paper proposes a comprehensive transformer arc fault explosion defense system at four levels:fault warning,elimination,explosion prevention,and fire protection.This paper provides a complete idea for the development of transformer explosion-proof technology and for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power transmission system.