基于FMEA的铁路货场安全管控关键环节识别研究

Identifying Key Links in Safety Management and Control of Railway Freight Yards Based on FMEA

铁路货运安全是铁路运输发展常抓不懈的重要工作和可持续发展的重要保障。为了进一步降低铁路货场事故的发生率,铁路货场作业关键环节的确定尤为重要。本文主要通过对货场作业中所发生事故的致因分析,将事故致因分类,根据铁路货运作业过程中的三个主体:车、物、车载物,构建“车种车型-货物类型-检查项点”模型,采用失效模式及影响分析(Failure Mode and Efect Analysis,FMEA)方法对货场内可能存在的安全隐患和风险进行分析和识别,确定5大类失效模式,通过引用风险优先数RPN(Risk Priority Number)分析识别出了可能对安全产生重大影响的24项关键项点,为铁路货场作业的风险识别与管控提供参考。

Railway freight transportation safety is a vital and ongoing task in the development of railway transportation,serving as a crucial guarantee for sustainable development.To further reduce the incidence of accidents in railway freight yards,it is particularly important to identify the key operational links in these yards.This paper focuses on analyzing the causes of accidents occurring in freight yard operations and categorizing these causes.Based on the three main entities involved in railway freight operations:wagons,cargo,and cargo loaded on wagons,a"wagon type-cargo type-inspection item"model is constructed.The Failure Mode and Efect Analysis(FMEA)method is employed to analyze and identify potential safety hazards and risks within the freight yards,resulting in the identifcation of fve major failure modes.By referencing the Risk Priority Number(RPN),24 key items that may have a signifcant impact on safety are identifed.This study provides a reference for risk identifcation and management control in railway freight yard operations.