城市夜间活力空间分布规律与影响因素研究——以天津市中心城区为例

Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Urban Night Vitality:A Case Study of Central Urban Area of Tianjin City

针对城市夜间活力空间分布规律和规律背后的影响因素问题,从人的活动和经济活动两个方面,选用百度慧眼大数据、大众点评数据、POI数据和夜间灯光遥感数据,引入空间优劣解距离法和热点分析法等,对天津市中心城区的城市夜间活力进行定量研究。结果表明:(1)天津市中心城区的城市夜间活力大部分依托商业功能展开,且空间分布呈现出以和平区为中心的向心性特征,越靠近外环线城市夜间活力的空间分布越少且越不均衡;(2)工作日与周末的城市夜间活力空间分布特征与形态相似,但周末城市夜间活跃区范围与活跃度明显高于工作日;(3)通过识别得出的城市夜间活力集聚区可分为周末专项型、周末增长型、核心片区型和连续稳定型4种类型,且4类活力集聚区的城市夜间活力影响因素各不相同;(4)人群来源丰富的区域、业态多元且时段分布较长的区域,以及空间结构呈商业综合体加周边散布商业街区的区域,城市夜间活力强。

Aiming at the problems of urban nighttime vitality identification and its spatial distribution law and the influencing factors behind the law,from the two aspects of human activities and economic activities,Baidu Huiyan big data,public comment data,Baidu POI data and remote sensing data of night light were selected,and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)and hot spot analysis were introduced to quantitatively study the nighttime vitality of the central urban area of Tianjin.The results show that:(1)Most of the urban nighttime vitality in the region relies on commercial functions,and the spatial distribution is centred on the Heping District,and the closer to the outer ring road,the less spatial distribution of urban nighttime vitality and the more uneven it is;(2)The spatial distribution of urban nighttime vitality on weekdays and weekends is similar in characteristics and patterns,but the scope and activity of urban nighttime active areas on weekends are significantly higher than that on weekdays;(3)The urban nighttime vitality agglomeration areas derived from identification can be divided into four types:weekend specialised,weekend growth,core area and continuous stability,and the four types of vitality agglomerations have different factors influencing the nighttime vitality of the city;(4)Areas with rich sources of crowds,areas with diversified industries and longer time distribution,and areas with a spatial structure of commercial complexes and peripheral commercial streets have strong nighttime vitality,and vice versa.