激素性股骨头坏死动物模型的造模方式和评价标准

Modeling methods and evaluation criteria in animal models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

背景:激素性股骨头坏死是非创伤性股骨头坏死的关键危险因素,近年来发病率逐渐上升,但其具体发病机制尚不清楚,寻找一个合理的动物模型对于疾病研究及治疗至关重要。目的:综述近年来常用的激素性股骨头坏死动物模型,分析不同造模方式和评价标准的优缺点,为后续研究提供参考。方法:以“股骨头坏死,激素性股骨头坏死,动物模型,femoral head necrosis,osteonecrosis of the femoral head,steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,animal model”为关键词,在中国知网、万方及Pub Med等数据库中检索2013-2023年发表的文献,根据纳入标准,纳入61篇文献进行综合分析,其中英文文献38篇,中文文献23篇。结果与结论:(1)兔子、大鼠和鸡是目前在激素性股骨头坏死模型研究中应用较多的动物;(2)激素联合脂多糖或马血清建模死亡率低,模型成功率高,稳定性强;(3)组织病理学是评价模型金标准,但需要终止实验,不利于后续实验研究,所以寻找一种无创替代方法仍是未来的努力方向;(4)目前尚未探索出一种理想激素性股骨头坏死动物模型,未来研究者需继续努力早日在该领域实现突破。

BACKGROUND:Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a key risk factor for non-traumatic femoral head necrosis,and the incidence of it has gradually increased in recent years,but its specific pathogenesis is still unclear,and finding a reasonable animal model is essential for disease research and treatment.OBJECTIVE:To review the commonly used animal models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in recent years,and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different modeling methods and evaluation criteria,so as to provide a reference for follow-up research.METHODS:The articles published from 2013 to 2023 were searched in CNKI,WanFang Data,and PubMed with the keywords“femoral head necrosis,osteonecrosis of the femoral head,steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,animal model.”Finally,61 articles were involved for comprehensive analysis according to the inclusion criteria,including 38 English articles and 23 Chinese articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Rabbits,rats,and chickens are the animals that are widely used in the study of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head models.(2)Hormone combined with lipopolysaccharide or horse serum modeling has low mortality,high success rate,and strong stability.(3)Histopathology is the gold standard for the evaluation model,but the experiment needs to be terminated,which is not conducive to subsequent experimental research,so finding a non-invasive alternative method is still the direction of future efforts.(4)An ideal model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head has not yet been explored,and future researchers need to continue to strive to achieve breakthroughs in this field as soon as possible.