盐务与海防:清代广东上川盐巡检的运作实态

Salt Affairs and Coastal Defense:the Operation Status of the Salt Patrol and Inspection Agency on Shangchuan Island,Guangdong Province,in the Qing Dynasty

清代广东新宁县上川盐巡检之设置既有整饬盐务的考量,也是地方行政系统应对海防局势的举措,具有特殊性。盐务系统为保证灶课完纳,对其实行垂直管理;州县官员出于维护海防之目的,赋予该司管辖人口、土地的职能,对其实行属地管理。上川盐巡检既存在双重隶属关系,也具备县辖政区的特征,反映出清代基层行政管理的灵活性。

In the Qing Dynasty,the establishment of Shangchuan Salt Patrol and Inspection Agency in Xining County,Guangdong,not only involved rectification of salt affairs,but was also a measure of the local administrative system to deal with coastal defense.In order to ensure the completion of tax collection,the then Chinese salt affairs administration system implemented vertical management;for the purpose of maintaining coastal defense,prefecture and county officials also entrusted the agency with the function of administering the population and land,and exercised territorial management over it.Thus the Shangchuan Salt Patrol and Inspection Agency was subject to dual administration,which reflects the flexibility of the local administrative management in the Qing Dynasty.