重大公共卫生事件驱动下国外城市公园绿地需求变化启示

Changes in Demand for Urban Park Green Spaces Driven by Major Public Health Events:International Inspirations

根据多个国家和地区调查研究结果,在以全球性新冠疫情大流行为标志的突发公共卫生事件冲击下,国内外学者普遍认识到城市公园绿地的使用需求向“生活必需品”方向转化的客观事实;同时还发现,具有出色服务模式、社区凝聚力以及健康作用和公平可达等优势的城市公园绿地在新冠疫情期间呈现出城市“重要生命线”的独特属性。在此基础上,总结出以上新价值的认识对未来城市公园绿地规划设计产生的影响:1)服务向下游覆盖,关注点从使用权向邻近性转移,公园绿地供给和分配的公平性要求凸显;2)注重人均面积向关注可获得性转变,尤其是作为健康服务功能和生活必备资源的可获得性及可达性受到重视;3)重视公园绿地的社会性作用,其社会韧性和协同作用在重大突发公共卫生事件中受到广泛关注。最后,针对我国未来城市公园绿地建设提出几点启示,即以社区为单位完善城市公园绿地体系、注重增强独立社区内部公园绿地空间的开放与融合性、注重发掘并弘扬我国人居空间环境的社会协同性作用。

The surveys and studies in a number of countries and regions show that under the impact of public health emergencies marked by the COVID-19 pandemic,national and international researchers have generally recognized the objective fact that the demand for the use of urban park green spaces has shifted towards“necessities of life”.The study also finds that urban park green spaces with the strengths such as excellent service model,community cohesion,health role and equitable accessibility,present a unique attribute of“vital lifeline”of cities during the pandemic.Based on the findings,the impacts that recognition of the new value will have on the future planning and design of urban park green spaces are concluded:1)The service will cover the downstream,with the focus shifted from the right to use to proximity,and the fairness of supply and distribution of urban park green spaces will be highlighted;2)The change will happen from the attention to the per capita area to the availability,especially the availability and accessibility to health service function and essential resources for life;and 3)The social role of park green spaces will be emphasized,while their social resilience and synergies have received widespread attention in major public health emergencies.At the end,in view of the future construction of urban park green spaces in China,this paper puts forward enlightenment,i.e.,improving the system of urban park green spaces with community as the unit,focusing on enhancing the openness and integration of park green spaces within individual residential compounds,and prioritizing the exploration and promotion of the social synergy role of traditional human settlements in China.