城市公园自生植物多样性及其在异质生境中的分布特征

Diversity of Spontaneous Vegetation and Its Distribution Pattern in Heterogeneous Habitat of Urban Park

自生植物作为城市植被的重要组成部分,不仅具有重要的生态功能和美学价值,也是研究城市化过程与生物多样性互馈机制的绝佳对象。文章以哈尔滨市主城区14个公园作为研究区域,调查和分析自生植物多样性组成及其在异质性生境中的分布特征。结果表明:1)共记录自生植物147种,隶属于43科118属,菊科、蔷薇科和禾本科为优势科,一、二年生草本植物占主导地位;自生植物分布区类型与哈尔滨的气候特征相符,以世界广布性为主,且温带性植物占比高。2)水体边缘绿色空间(G+WE)生境自生植物的物种多样性水平最高,人工草坪(G-AL)生境的物种多样性水平最低。3)综合公园自生植物多样性水平显著高于其他3类公园,社区公园物种丰富度最低。4)自生植物物种数量与公园面积以及公园水体面积均呈显著正相关关系。因此,未来的城市公园设计与提升应构建丰富的生境类型,适当增加水体面积,以最大限度发挥城市公园的各项生态服务功能。

Spontaneous vegetation,as an important component of urban vegetation,has important ecological functions and aesthetic values,and an excellent object for studying the mutual feedback mechanism between urbanization process and biodiversity.Fourteen parks are selected in the city core of Harbin as the research area to investigate and analyze the composition of spontaneous vegetation and their distribution patterns in heterogeneous habitats.The results show that:1)A total of 147 species of spontaneous vegetation are recorded,belonging to 118 genera of 43 families.Asteraceae,Rosaceae,and Poaceae are the dominant families,while annual and biennial herbaceous plants dominate.The distribution area of spontaneous vegetation is in correspondence with the climatic condition in Harbin,featured with widespread species and a high proportion of temperate plants;2)The green space at the edge of water(G+WE)has the highest species diversity of spontaneous vegetation,while the artificial lawn(G-AL)has the lowest species diversity;3)The diversity of spontaneous vegetation in comprehensive parks is significantly higher than that in other 3 types of parks,while community parks have the lowest species richness;and 4)There is a significantly positive correlation between the number of spontaneous vegetation species and the park area as well as with the water area in park.Therefore,the design and improvement of future urban parks should put the focus on building rich types of habitat,appropriately increasing the water area,and maximizing the ecological service functions of urban parks.