基于MSPA与电路理论的水网地区生态网络构建

Ecological Network Constructionat Water Network Area Based on MSPA and Circuit Theory

快速城镇化背景下,城镇化扩张导致水网区域生境斑块日益破碎化和孤岛化,科学构建水网地区生态网络是有效连接生境斑块的重要手段,对保障区域生态系统连通性和稳定性具有关键意义。文中以苏州市吴江区为例,运用MSPA与景观连通性评价综合识别生态源地,基于MCR模型叠加多因子构建综合阻力面,利用电路理论提取生态廊道和节点,依据"生态源地识别—综合阻力面构建—生态廊道提取—生态节点选取"模式构建吴江区生态网络体系。结果表明:研究区内识别重要生态源地与一般生态源地共30个,总面积196.73 km^(2),景观构成要素以湖泊、湿地等用地类型为主;最优生态廊道42条,平均长度6.53 km,潜在生态廊道27条,平均长度4.28 km,但廊道空间分布不均匀,密度呈现由东北向西南逐渐降低的态势;通过保护与修复17处生态夹点和26处生态障碍点,有效提升区域景观连通性,增强生态网络稳定性。基于研究结果,提出加强生态源地保护、提高生态廊道连通性、优化与修复生态节点的生态网络优化策略,以期促进水网地区生态环境保护与生境质量提升。

Under the background of rapid urbanization,urban sprawling leads to increasingly fragmented and isolated regional habitat patches.Science-based construction of ecological networks is an important means to effectively connect habitat patches,which has a key significance to ensure the connectivity and stability of regional ecosystems.Taking Wujiang District of Suzhou City as an example,the paper uses MSPA and landscape connectivity evaluation to identify the ecological source area,and the comprehensive resistance surface is constructed based on MCR model superposition of multiple factors.Ecological corridors and nodes are extracted based on circuit theory,and ecological network is constructed for Wujiang District according to the pattern of"ecological source area identification-comprehensive resistance surface construction-ecological corridor extraction-ecological node selection".The results show that a total of 30 important and general ecological sources areas is identified in the study area,with a total area of 196.73 km^(2).The elements constituting landscape are mainly ecological land such as lakes and wetlands.There are 42 optimal ecological corridors with an average length of 6.53 km,and 27 potential ecological corridors with an average length of 4.28 km.The spatial distribution of corridors is uneven,with the density gradually downward from northeast to southwest.The protection and restoration of 17 ecological pinch points and 26 ecological barrier points can effectively improve regional landscape connectivity and enhance the stability of ecological networks.It is proposed to enhance the protection of ecological source areas,improve the connectivity of ecological corridors,and develop the strategy to optimize and restore the ecological nodes,aiming to ameliorate the eco-environment conservation and habitat quality in water network areas.