沙尘天气下洛阳市常见园林地被植物叶片滞尘特征

Dust Retention Characteristics of Common Ground Cover Plant Leaves in Luoyang City During Sandstorms

为充分了解沙尘天气下园林地被植物叶片滞尘量的变化和叶片质地对滞尘的影响,于2023年测定洛阳市常见的16种园林地被植物在沙尘天气后的单位叶面积滞尘量,分析园林地被植物之间叶片滞尘量差异的原因和叶片质地对滞尘量的影响。结果表明:1)日本珊瑚树的滞尘总量(0.221 6 mg·cm^(-2))最大,其次为红叶石楠(0.192 6 mg·cm^(-2)),红花酢浆草(0.013 0 mg·cm^(-2))最小;2)对于PM0.1~2.5的滞留量,以叶表具有毛状体的红花檵木(0.014 1 mg·cm^(-2))最大,棣棠(0.000 5 mg·cm^(-2))最小;3)革质叶、有毛状体叶的园林地被植物滞尘效果较好,其次是纸质叶,膜质叶最差;4)沙尘天气下,园林地被植物叶表滞留PM10~100的量比非沙尘天气显著升高,而PM2.5~10的滞留量变化不明显;5)沙尘天气下PM10~100在总悬浮颗粒物中的占比高于正常天气,而PM0.1~2.5的占比变小。因此,选用以防治空气污染为目标的园林地被植物时,建议选择日本珊瑚树、红叶石楠和红花檵木等滞尘能力较强的植物,叶片革质、厚实、有毛状体等特性更利于发挥滞尘效应。

In order to fully understand the changes in dust-retention capacity of plant leaves in gardens during sandstorms and the impact of leaf texture on dust retention,the study measures the dust retention per unit leaf area of 16 ground cover plants commonly used for landscaping in Luoyang City after the sandstorm in 2023,analyze the reasons behind the differences in leaf dust retention among the ground cover plants,and summarizes the influences of leaf texture on dust retention.The results show that:1)The total dust retention of Viburnum awabuki(0.2216 mg·cm^(-2))is the highest,followed by Photinia×fraseri Dress(0.1926 mg·cm^(-2)),while the lowest is Oxalis corymbosa DC.(0.0130 mg·cm^(-2));2)For the retention of PM0.1-2.5,Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum with trichome on the leaf surface retains the largest amount of dusts(0.0141 mg·cm^(-2)),and the minimum(0.0005 mg·cm^(-2))is Kerria japonica;3)Leafy leaves and hairy leaves have better dust-retention effects on the ground cover plants,followed by paper leaves,while membrane leaves are the worst;4)The amount of PM10-100 retained on the leaf surface of the ground cover plants in dust weather is significantly higher than in non-dust weather,while the retention of PM2.5-10 show little significant change;and 5)The proportion of PM10-100 in total suspended particulate matters is higher in dust weather than in normal weather,while the proportion of PM0.1-2.5 decreases.When ground cover plants for landscaping are selected with the goal of preventing air pollution,it is recommended to choose plants with high dust-retention abilities such as V.awabuki,P.serrulata,and L.chinense var.rubrum since their leathery,thick,and hairy leaves are more conducive to have higher dust-retention effects.