既有住宅改造型社区养老服务设施适宜改造模式探讨——以西安市为例

Discussion on the Suitable Transformation Path of Existing Residential Renovation Type Community Elderly Service Facilities:a Case Study on Xi’an

在以居家社区养老为重点、加快城市更新的大背景下,将既有住宅改造为各类社区养老服务设施,不仅可以缓解城市老旧住区和已建成居住小区的养老服务设施匮乏问题,还可以盘活社区闲置空间,使资源利用最大化。本文在西安市现有844家社区养老服务站中随机选取62家改造型社区养老服务设施进行走访,针对其中的27家既有住宅改造型设施开展实地调研,通过各设施的服务内容及功能配置情况将其聚类为日间类、活动类、全日类三类设施,从选址、面积规模、建筑结构等方面分析三类社区养老服务设施改造现状及突出问题,并提出适宜的改造路径模式,即:活动类设施均不适宜由住宅改造而成;日间类设施适宜选择位于社区外围、面积在100~150m2间的首层单套住宅通过功能重置的方式进行改造;全日类设施适宜选择框剪结构、面积大于150m2的首层套型或配备电梯的非首层套型通过功能重置或空间重组的方式进行改造,以期为既有住宅改造为社区养老服务设施提供借鉴。

Under the background of focusing on home-based community elderly care and accelerating urban renewal,the transformation of existing residential buildings into various community elderly care service facilities can not only alleviate the shortage of elderly care service facilities in urban old residential areas and built residential areas,but also revitalize idle spaces in communities and maximize the utilization of resources.Among the 844 existing community elderly care service stations in Xi'an,62 reconstructed community elderly care service facilities were randomly selected to visit,and field research was carried out on 27 existing residential renovation facilities,which were grouped into three types of daytime facilities,activity facilities and all-day facilities according to the service content and function configuration of each facility.This paper analyzes the current situation and typical problems of the transformation of three types of community elderly care service facilities from the aspects of site selection,area scale,building structure,etc.,and puts forward appropriate transformation path mode,namely:activity facilities are not suitable for the transformation of residential spaces;daytime facilities is suitable to choose the first-floor single house located in the periphery of the community with an area of 100~150m2 for renovation through functional reset;full-day facilities are suitable for the selection of frame-shear structure,first-floor residential units with an area of more than 150m2 or non-first-floor residential units equipped with elevators,and transformation through functional reset or spatial reorganization,in order to provide reference for the transformation of existing residential buildings into community elderly care service facilities.