体育赛事监管主体权力分配模式探析——基于控制权理论的视角

Power Distribution Mode of Sports Events Supervision Entities:from the Perspective of"Control Rights"Theory

理解我国体育赛事监管主体权力分配模式是构建现代化体育赛事监管体系的重要基础。应用控制权理论,尝试打开我国体育赛事分级监管的“黑箱”,对“谁审批(备案)、谁负责、谁主办、谁负责、谁主管、谁负责”进行解构。研究发现:①在制度设计中,我国体育赛事监管主体权力分配的理想化模式为“行政发包型”或“松散关联型”,而在实际执行中,同时存在“高度关联型”“行政发包型”和“松散关联型”三种模式;②当前监管主体控制权分配主要存在赛事监管目标设定不明确、同类赛事监管模式存在差异、体育与其他部门赛事监管权责边界不清等问题;③体育赛事管办分离情况、体育项目市场化发展水平、地方体育部门行政水平、体育赛事监管重点是影响我国体育赛事监管控制权分配的主要因素;④我国体育赛事监管将逐步转变为边界更为清晰的混合型监管,再逐步回归到理想模式的常态化监管。要加快推动该进程,需深刻认识体育赛事监管的阶段性和系统性特征、进一步明确体育赛事监管目标、着力加强地方体育部门监管能力建设、将数字化平台嵌入监管主体建设工作中。

Understanding the power distribution mode of sports events supervision entities is an important basis for constructing modern sports events supervision system.Applying the control rights theory,this paper tries to explore the hierarchical supervision of sports events in China,and deconstructs the requirements of“whoever approves,hosts and is in charge is responsible”.The findings are as follows:①In the system design,the idealized power distribution for sports event supervision entities in China is“administrative outsourcing”or“loose correlation”,while in the actual implementation,there are three models:“strong correlation”,“administrative outsourcing”and“loose correlation”;②At present,the control rights distribution mainly has problems such as vague goal setting for event supervision,differences in supervision models for similar events,and unclear boundaries of event supervision responsibilities between sports and other departments;③The main factors influencing the control rights allocation of sports events supervision in China include:the separation in management and operation,the level of market-oriented development of sports projects,the administrative level of local sports departments,and the focus of sports events supervision;④Sports events supervision in China will gradually transform into a hybrid system with clearer boundaries,and then gradually return to the ideal and normalized supervision.In order to accelerate the process,it is necessary to deeply understand the phased and systematic characteristics of sports events supervision,further clarify the supervision objectives,and focus on strengthening the supervision capacity building of local sports departments,and embed the digital platform in the construction of supervision subject.