设施种植对果园土壤理化及生物学性状的影响

Effects of facility plantation on the physico-chemical and biological properties of orchard soils

为了解设施种植可能引起的果园土壤肥力和土壤健康状况的变化,在浙江省选择了4个同时具有设施与露地种植的果园,采样对比分析了设施与露地果园土壤性状的异同。结果表明,设施种植可导致表层土壤pH值下降,有效磷、速效钾、NH_(4)-N和NO_(3)-N及盐分的显著积累,增加土壤紧实度,设施果园表层土壤pH值比露地果园低,前者土壤有效磷、速效钾、NH_(4)-N、NO_(3)-N和盐分含量平均分别比后者增加51.36%、58.86%、331.64%、167.45%和41.18%。但设施种植对土壤容重及有机碳、碱解氮含量影响较小。设施种植降低了果园表土>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体数量,增加真菌数量及蔗糖酶活性,降低细菌和土壤脲酶活性;与露地种植比较,设施种植表土>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量下降4.82%~11.82%,真菌数量和蔗糖酶活性分别增加19.91%~26.53%和11.37%~38.64%,细菌数量和脲酶活性分别下降20.62%~28.27%和15.05%~22.36%。

To understand the possible changes in soil fertility and soil health status of the orchards caused by facility plantation,four orchards with both facility and open field plantation were selected in Zhejiang Province.Soil samples were collected from both facility and open field from orchards and their physical,chemical,and biological indicates were characterized for comparing the differences and similarities in soil properties between two orchards.The results showed that facility plantation could lead to a decrease in pH value of the surface soil,a significant accumulation of available phosphorus,available potassium,NH_(4)-N,NO_(3)-N,and salinity,and an increase in soil compaction.The pH value of the surface soil in facility orchards was lower than those in open orchards.The average content of available phosphorus,available potassium,NH_(4)-N,NO_(3)-N,and salt in the former increased by 51.36%,58.86%,331.64%,and 167.45%and 41.18%,respectively,as compared with the latter.However,facility plantation had a relatively small impact on soil bulk density,organic carbon,and available nitrogen.Facility plantation reduced the content of>0.25 mm water stable aggregates of topsoil,increased the number of fungi and sucrase activity,and decreased bacterial and soil urease activity.Compared with open field plantation,facility plantation showed a decrease of 4.82%-11.82%in the content of>0.25 mm water stable aggregates in the topsoil,an increase of 19.91%-26.53%and 11.37%-38.64%in the number of soil fungi and sucrase activity,respectively.The number of soil bacteria and urease activity decreased by 20.62%-28.27%and 15.05%-22.36%,respectively.