生境质量对气候变化与人类活动的空间响应——以青藏高原为例

Spatial Response of Habitat Quality to Climate Change and Human Activities——Taking the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as An Example

[目的]探究青藏高原生境质量的动态变化,为保障青藏高原生态安全、保护生物多样性和筑牢生态屏障提供参考。[方法]基于1985年、1995年、2005年、2015年和2022年5期土地利用数据,借助InVEST模型,定量评估1985-2022年青藏高原生境质量状况并对其时空格局进行分析,最后利用双变量空间自相关探讨生境质量对气候变化与人类活动的空间响应。[结果](1)1985-2022年青藏高原生境指数增加0.0529,高等和较高生境面积比例共增加5.51%,生境质量水平总体提升但仍处于较低等级。(2)1985-2022年青藏高原48.14%的区域生境指数增加,但生境等级总体空间分布变化不大,各等级区由外向内呈嵌套式等级增加。(3)1985-2022年青藏高原生境质量等级转移类型以等级不变为主,但等级转化的剧烈程度不断增强。(4)1985-2022年青藏高原生境质量对气候变化与人类活动存在较为显著的空间相关关系,年平均气温对生境质量存在显著的空间负相关,年降水量和人类活动强度对生境质量存在显著的空间正相关。[结论]研究结果揭示青藏高原生境质量时空演变特征,明确气候变化和人类活动对生境质量具有深刻的影响,未来应加强底线约束和人类活动引导。

[Objective]To explore the dynamic changes in the environmental quality of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and provide reference for ensuring the ecological security of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,protecting biodiversity and building a strong ecological barrier.[Methods]Based on five periods of land use data in 1985,1995,2005,2015 and 2022,with the help of the InVEST model,we quantitatively assessed the habitat quality status of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in 1985-2022 and analyzed its spatiotemporal pattern.Finally,we used bivariate spatial autocorrelation explore the spatial response of habitat quality to climate change and human activities.[Results](1)In 1985-2022,the habitat index of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has increased by 0.0529,and the proportion of higher and higher habitat areas has increased by 5.51%in total,the overall habitat quality level has improved but is still at a low level.(2)In 1985-2022,the habitat quality of most areas on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has increased by 48.14%,but the overall spatial distribution of habitat levels has not changed much,and each level area has increased in nested levels from outside to inside.(3)In 1985-2022,the main types of environmental quality grade transfer in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau have remained unchanged,but the intensity of grade transformation has continued to increase.(4)In 1985-2022,the habitat quality of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has a significant spatial correlation with climate change and human activities,the average annual temperature has a significant spatial negative correlation with the habitat quality,the annual precipitation and human activity intensity have a significant spatial correlation with the habitat quality,there is a significant positive spatial correlation.[Conclusion]The research results reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau's habitat quality,and clarify that climate change and human activities have a profound impact on habitat quality.In the future,bottom-line constraints and human activity guidance should be strengthened.