国内旅游目的地女性东道主发展研究回顾——基于批判反思的视角

A Review of the Development of Female Hosts in Domestic Tourism Destinations-From the Perspective of Critical Reflection

旅游目的地的发展离不开女性的参与,但当前研究多从单一宏观视角探讨旅游发展对女性东道主的影响,较少触及女性具体的从业经历和个体性的发展,难以形成面向女性主体更全面的结论。因此,有必要重新梳理旅游业介入后目的地女性东道主的个体发展境况。文章以性别差异、性别角色以及性别权力为概念基础,通过整合性综述的方式,批判性地梳理了旅游目的地女性东道主研究中的主题,分别是性别差异下的女性个体经济获益表象、性别角色转变与有限身份发展以及通过性别增权实现的自主性发展,进而提出了“平衡的假象还是自我选择”“旅游的发展还是人的发展”两点反思,以期为理解旅游业中的性别与人的发展议题提供新的视角和思考。

Researching female hosts’individual development as a result of their involvement in tourism has gaining momentum.Using thematic analysis,this study unveils female development in destination studies.The research found that:1)From an economic perspective,the female hosts are still in a relatively weak position,with low-paying jobs,gender differences in employment,and hidden housework remaining key issues;2)From the perspective of gender role change,women have changed their status roles following their engagement in tourism from passive and dependent family roles to active professional roles,thereby assuming dual roles in both family and professional domains and bearing dual responsibilities.Accordingly,women are also expected to conform to a particular images by local,family and other social groups;3)Researches have discussed gender power inequality from the perspective of patriarchy,economy and practice.With the diversity and complexity of tourism’s influence on the destination transformation,there has been a notable shift in perspective regarding the role of women in tourism development.Women have become more actively engaged,assuming prominent roles as hosts and key players in the tourism sector.This empowerment reflects economic growth,status change,and self-worth realization.However,women’s individual development is not entirely free,as they adhere to traditional moral concepts and family responsibilities in specific situations.This research aims to establish a foundation for understanding gender dynamics within the tourism context and to offer better theoretical guidance for understanding the issues of human development within tourism industry.