韧性视角下海岛旅游-生态系统协调发展研究——以舟山群岛为例

Research on the Coordinated Development of Island Tourism-Ecological System from the Perspective of Resilience-A Case Study of the Zhoushan Islands

海岛旅游和生态系统协调发展是实现人海关系和谐共生的基石,是实施海洋强国战略的内在要求。文章以舟山群岛为研究对象,探讨海岛旅游和生态系统韧性水平的协调发展问题,通过熵值法和综合指数法评估了2011—2022年舟山市各区县旅游和生态系统的韧性水平,并运用耦合协调模型、相对发展度模型和灰色关联分析法,探究了旅游系统和生态系统韧性发展的动态关系和影响因素。研究发现:从韧性水平来看,舟山群岛旅游系统韧性整体增强,但2020年因受疫情影响而显著下滑;生态系统韧性则表现出区域差异,嵊泗县韧性水平相对较高,岱山县较为脆弱。从耦合协调度来看,各区县旅游和生态系统协调发展普遍处于中等水平,普陀区表现最佳;相对发展度空间分异明显,定海区和普陀区多为“生态系统滞后”,而岱山县和嵊泗县则多为“旅游系统滞后”。灰色关联分析显示,单位国内生产总值能耗降低率和旅游业增长弹性系数对系统协调发展的影响最为明显,具体影响因子在各地有所差异。

The coordinated development of island tourism and ecosystem is the cornerstone of realizing the harmonious coexistence of human-sea relations and the inherent requirement of the implementation of the strategy of maritime power.Under the background of island tourism,it is of special significance to study the coordinated development of tourism resilience and ecological system resilience.The ecological system of islands is often more fragile and vulnerable to the impact of tourism activities,and the development of tourism is highly dependent on a healthy ecological system.Taking Zhoushan Islands as the research object,this paper discusses the coordinated development of island tourism and ecological system resilience.By constructing a comprehensive index system and entropy method,the resilience levels of tourism and ecological system in various districts and counties of Zhoushan City from 2011 to 2022 was evaluated.Through the coupling coordination model,relative development degree model,and gray relational analysis,the dynamic relationship and influencing factors of resilience development between the tourism system and the ecosystem were investigated.The study found that:In terms of resilience levels,the resilience of the tourism system in the Zhoushan Islands has generally increased,but there was a significant decline in 2020 due to the impact of the pandemic;the resilience of ecosystems shows regional differences,with Shengsi having relatively high resilience while Daishan is more vulnerable.Regarding the coupling coordination degree,the coordinated development of the tourism-ecosystem in various districts and counties is generally at a moderate level,with Putuo District performing the best;the spatial differentiation of relative development degrees is significant,with Dinghai and Putuo mostly being“ecosystem-lagged”,while Daishan and Shengsi are mostly“tourism-lagged”.Gray relational analysis indicates that the reduction rate of energy consumption per unit GDP and the elasticity coefficient of tourism growth have the most significant impact on coordinated system development,with specific influencing factors varying by location.