西藏墨脱县西莫曲流域冰湖发育特征研究

Study on the development characteristics of glacial lakes in Ximoqu River Basin,Motuo County,Xizang

近年来,随着全球气候变暖,青藏高原冰川消退,导致冰湖迅速扩张,特别是喜马拉雅山南麓边境重镇墨脱县受西莫曲流域冰湖溃决灾害的威胁日趋严重,对人类及工程建设安全造成严重威胁,为此,针对墨脱县西莫曲流域冰湖发育特征进行研究,以Landsat影像和高分一号等遥感影像解译冰湖面积发育特征及冰湖与冰舌距离,以ASTER GDEMV3 30M分辨率数字高程数据提取湖面高程演化特征及冰川坡度等空间信息,采用Landsat影像分析冰湖稳定性。通过对2021年西莫曲流域的遥感影像进行解译并与1986年进行比对,西莫曲流域冰湖面积及数量均发生了巨大变化,冰湖面积大于0.02 km^(2)的数量增加了6%,冰湖面积增加了32%.由于目前对西莫曲流域冰湖发育特征研究相对较少,因此对西莫曲流域冰湖的发育特征进行研究,对墨脱县的防灾减灾及国土空间规划具有重要意义。

In recent years,with global warming,glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have receded,resulting in the rapid expansion of glacial lakes,especially in Motuo County,an important border town at the southern foot of the Hi-malayas,which is increasingly threatened by glacial lake outburst disasters in the Ximoqu Basin,posing a serious threat to human beings and the safty of engineering construction.To this end,the development characteristics of gla-cial lakes in Ximoqu River Basin of Motuo County were studied,the development characteristics of glacial lakes and the distance between glacial lakes and glacier tongues were interpreted by Landsat images and GF-1 remote sensing images,spacial information such as lake elevation evolution characteristics and glacier slope were extracted from AS-TER GDEMV330M resolution digital elevation,and the stability of glacial lakes was analyzed by Landsat images.According to the interpretation of remote sensing images in the Ximoqu Basin in 2021 and comparison with those in 1986,the area and number of glacial lakes in the Ximoqu Basin have changed dramatically,with the number of gla-cial lakes larger than 0.02 km^(2) increasing by 6%and the area of glacial lakes increasing by 32%.Since there are rela-tively few studies on the development characteristics of glacial lakes in the Ximoqu Basin,it is of great significance to study the development characteristics of glacial lakes in Ximoqu Basin for disaster prevention and mitigation and territorial spatial planning in Motuo County.