绵阳市涪城区不同时间段梅毒流行特征对比分析

Comparative analysis of syphilis epidemiological characteristics in Fucheng District of Mianyang City over different time periods

目的 分析绵阳市涪城区2005—2010年、2011—2016年、2017—2022年(简称3个时间段)梅毒流行特征,为制定梅毒防控措施提供科学依据。方法 用Excel 2010建立数据库,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计处理,计数资料用%表示,应用圆形分布的原理,计算r值。率的检验采用χ^(2)检验。结果 涪城区3个时间段共报告梅毒病例4 424例,死亡2例,年均累计报告发病率为39.74/10万,死亡率为0.02/10万,病死率为0.05%。不同时间段梅毒报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=508.551,P<0.05)。3个时间段梅毒报告发病率和梅毒累计报告发病率,城区均高于乡镇(χ^(2)=188.676、151.283、60.442、352.904,均P<0.05)。2005—2010年和2011—2016年梅毒发病时间存在季节聚集性发病高峰(r=0.141、0.084,P<0.05);2017—2022年梅毒发病时间及梅毒累计发病时间无季节聚集性发病高峰(r=0.023、0.064,P>0.05)。2005—2010年男女性梅毒报告发病率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.262,P>0.05);2011—2016年和2017—2022年梅毒报告发病率以及梅毒累计报告发病率,男性均低于女性(χ^(2)=39.639、12.376、36.771,均P<0.05)。3个时间段梅毒报告发病率和梅毒累计报告发病率均以≥80岁年龄组较高,不同年龄组梅毒报告发病差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=350.228、374.117、916.153、1 552.203,均P<0.05)。梅毒的发病职业以家务及服务业为主。结论 绵阳市涪城区梅毒报告发病率呈上升趋势。城区发病高于乡镇,发病无季节聚集性高峰,女性发病例数高于男性,发病年龄以≥80岁年龄组为主,职业以家务及服务业为主。应加强梅毒监测、业务培训、健康宣教,提高群众自我保护意识,以减轻梅毒的危害。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2005 to 2010,from 2011 to 2016,and from 2017 to 2022(referred to as the three time periods),and provide scientific basis for formulating syphilis prevention and control measures.Methods A database was established using Excel 2010,and statistical processing were performed with SPSS 22.0 software.Count data were expressed as percentages,and the principle of circular distribution was applied to calculate the r value.Chi-square test was used for rate test.Results A total of 4424 cases of syphilis were reported in Fucheng District in three time periods,with 2 cases died.The annual cumulative reported incidence rate was 39.74/100000,the mortality was 0.02/100000,and the case fatality rate was 0.05%.There was a statistically significant difference in the reported incidence rate of syphilis among different periods(χ^(2)=508.551,P<0.05).Urban areas was higher than rural areas,both in reported incidence rates of syphilis among three periods and cumulative reported incidence rate of syphilis(χ^(2)=188.676,151.283,60.442,352.904,all P<0.05).Seasonal clustering peaks of the onset time of syphilis were observed from 2005 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2016(r=0.141,0.084,P<0.05),but not from 2017 to 2022 of the onset time of syphilis nor cumulative onset time of syphilis(r=0.023,0.064,P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the reported incidence rate of syphilis between men and women from 2005 to 2010(χ^(2)=0.262,P>0.05).However,in reported incidence rates of syphilis from 2011 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2022 and cumulative,males was lower than that in females(χ^(2)=39.639,12.376,36.771,all P<0.05).In the age group≥80 years old,the reported incidence rate of syphilis in the three time periods and cumulative reported incidence rate of syphilis were both higher.The reported incidence rate of syphilis in different age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=350.228,374.117,916.153,1552.203,all P<0.05).The occupations of incidence of syphilis were mainly household chores and service industries.Conclusion The reported incidence rate of syphilis in Fucheng District of Mianyang City is on the rise.The incidence of disease in urban areas is higher than that in townships.No seasonal clustering peaks were observed,the number of female cases is higher than that of male cases.The age of onset is mainly in the≥80 years age group. The profession is mainly household chores and service industries. Enhanced syphilis monitoring,professional training,publicity and education of health,and public awareness of self-protection are recommended to mitigate the hazard of syphilis.