武汉市非医疗放射机构职业健康管理现状分析

Analysis of the current situation of occupational health management in non-medical radiological institutions in Wuhan City

目的 分析武汉市非医疗放射工作单位辐射防护现状和放射性职业病危害防治现状,为放射性疾病的预防提供科学依据。方法 采用普查方法,以武汉市职业病综合信息管理平台为依托,于2021年对武汉市125家非医疗放射性机构进行调查。采用χ^(2)检验进行组间比较。结果 新城区共调查放射性非医疗放射机构77家,高于中心城区的48家,调查射线装置3 398台,Ⅲ类射线装置中其他用途的数量占比最高,为78.88%;调查放射源356枚,Ⅳ类放射源中核料位计的数量占比最高,为82.21%;武汉市非医疗机构从事放射工作的人数为1 146人,持证率为75.92%,个人剂量监测率为84.55%,职业健康检查率为82.00%。武汉市新城区和中心城区非医疗机构的分布情况差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.512,P<0.05)。结论 武汉市非医疗放射工作单位的辐射防护现状和国家法规标准的要求尚有差距,应进一步加强非医疗放射工作单位的辐射防护管理和监督。

Objective To analyze the current situation of radiation protection and prevention and control of radioactive occupational disease hazards in non-medical radiological work units in Wuhan City,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of radioactive diseases.Methods A total of 125 non-medical radiological institutions in Wuhan City were investigated in 2021 using a census method based on the Wuhan occupational disease information management platform.The Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Results A total of 77 radioactive non-medical radiological institutions were surveyed in the new urban area,higher than the 48 in the central urban area.A total of 3398 radiological devices were investigated.Class III radiological devices had the highest number of other uses,accounting for 78.88%.A total of 356 radioactive sources were investigated,and the number of nuclear level detectors was the highest in Class IV radioactive sources,accounting for 82.21%.There were 1146 persons engaged in radiological work in non-medical institutions in Wuhan City,with a certificate holding rate of 75.92%,an individual dose monitoring rate of 84.55%,and an occupational health examination rate of 82.02%.There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of non-medical institutions between the new urban area and the central urban area of Wuhan City(χ^(2)=4.512,P<0.05).Conclusion There is still a gap between the current radiation protection status of non-medical radiological work units in Wuhan City and the requirements of national regulations and standards.It should further strengthen the management and supervision of radiation protection in non-medical radiological work units.