新疆维吾尔自治区塔城地区中学生性心理健康的调查研究

Investigation and research on the sexual mental health of middle schoolstudents in Tacheng Area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区塔城地区中学生对性、生殖知识的认知现状及接受意愿,为引导中学生树立正确的生理健康观念及提高健康意识提供依据。方法 采用整群分层随机抽样的方法,选取塔城地区2022年初一至高三年级学生,进行纸质问卷调查研究。回收有效问卷415份,有效回收率为92.22%。结果 415名研究对象,对性、生殖知识的知晓率为59.28%。影响性、生殖知识接触情况的主要因素为户籍、年级、母亲文化程度以及看待中学生谈恋爱的态度(χ^(2)=10.576、25.527、9.303、10.218,P<0.05);与初中生相比,高中生对性、生殖知识接触更多(OR=11.680,P<0.001)。学校健康教育课程为性、生殖知识主要来源途径,愿意接受该教育的态度持有率为81.45%;影响性、生殖知识教育接受意愿的主要因素为性、生殖知识教育接触史,对婚前性行为的态度以及对性、生殖知识的了解程度。与未接触过性、生殖知识教育的学生相比,接触过该教育的学生更愿意接受性、生殖知识教育(χ^(2)=18.584,P=0.001,OR=13.464)。结论 塔城地区中学生性、生殖知识认知水平较低且存在差异。应将性、生殖知识教育纳入学校日常健康教育,以引导中学生树立正确生理观念,综合提高中学生身心健康水平和自我保护意识,为中学生实时、适度、适当地开展性教育提供依据和指导。

Objective To understand the cognitive status quo and willingness to receive about sexual and reproductive knowledge among middle school students in Tacheng Area,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,so as to provide a basis for guiding students in developing correct physiological health concepts and improving their health awareness.Methods Using cluster stratified random sampling,students from grades 7 to 12 in Tacheng in 2022 were selected for an investigation and research conducted via paper questionnaires.A total of 415 effective questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery percent of 92.22%.Results Among the 415 respondents,the awareness rate of sexual and reproductive knowledge was 59.28%.Key factors influencing exposure to this knowledge were household registration,grade level,mother′s education level,and attitudes towards dating among middle school students(χ^(2)=10.576,25.527,9.303,10.218,P<0.05).Compared to junior high students,senior high students had greater exposure to sexual and reproductive knowledge(OR=11.680,P<0.001).The primary source of sexual and reproductive knowledge was school health education courses,with 81.45%of students expressing willingness to accept such education.Key factors influencing willingness about sexual and reproductive knowledge included prior exposure to sexual and reproductive education,attitudes towards premarital sex,and understanding level of sexual and reproductive knowledge.Students previously contacted with sexual and reproductive education were more willing to accept further education than those who have not been contacted with it(χ^(2)=18.584,P=0.001,OR=13.464).Conclusion The cognitive level of sexual and reproductive knowledge among middle school students in Tacheng Area is relatively low and there are differences between them.Incorporating sexual and reproductive knowledge education into the daily health education in schools.It is essential to guide students in forming correct physiological concepts,improve their overall physical and mental health,and enhance their self-protection awareness.This study provides a basis and guidance for the timely,appropriate,and fitting implementation of sex education for middle school students.