大脑类器官在神经系统疾病中的应用

The applications of brain organoids in neurological disorders

由于大脑结构的复杂性以及人脑样本难以获取,神经系统疾病的研究大多在实验动物模型中开展。然而人和其他动物的遗传学背景有很大差异,使得在实验动物上取得的研究成果很难向临床转化,阻碍了该领域的研究进展。大脑类器官由人体细胞或者胚胎干细胞分化诱导而来,有着与人类相同的遗传背景,在细胞种类以及空间结构等方面与人脑非常类似;并且它与人脑的功能特点也相似,这使得大脑类器官在神经系统疾病领域有着非常广阔的应用前景。本综述总结了目前大脑类器官在神经系统疾病中的相关研究进展。

The research of neurological diseases mainly rely on animal models due to the complex nature of the brain's structure and the difficulty in obtaining brain samples.However,the genetic background of humans and other animals is different,making it difficult to translate research results of experimental animals to clinical applications and hampering research progress in this area.The emergence of brain organoids could address this issue.Brain organoids are derived from human pluripotent stem cells.The genetic backgrounds and cell types of brain organoids are similar to those of humans,enabling them to mimic many crucial features of early human brain development.These brain organoids hold great promise for applications in the study of neurological diseases.This review summarizes the research progress on brain organoids in the context of nervous system disorders.