立场与立场表达的批评认知语言学研究

Stance and Stancetaking:A Perspective From Critical Cognitive Linguistics

本文以批评认知语言学为视角,探讨立场与立场表达的认知机制、本质和内涵、其合法化和说服性的功能以及立场表达的分类与语言资源。具体而言,本文论述了以下四方面内容:(1)阐释人类思维中认识警戒是立场与立场表达背后的认知机制,并在此基础上界定了立场表达研究的范围;(2)借鉴立场三角(the stance triangle)和立场表达模式(the Stancetaking Model)理论,论述了立场与立场表达的本质和内涵,强调这一研究领域不仅涉及主观性,且更重要的是涉及主体间性;(3)讨论立场表达两个重要功能:合法化和说服性;(4)考察立场表达策略的分类:效果立场策略与认识立场策略,并简要论述了这两个立场策略所需的语言资源。最后本文指出,未来的研究需要借鉴语料库语言学和心理学实验的方法,采用“三角互证”的视角探讨立场表达的听读者接受和反应效果。

The paper explores the cognitive mechanism of stance and stancetaking, their nature and connotation, and their legitimation and persuasion as well as their classification and linguistic resources. Specifically speaking, the paper expounds the following four aspects:(1) It makes the point that the epistemic vigilance in human reasoning is the cognitive mechanism behind stance and stancetaking and thus on its basis defines their scope;(2) Utilizing the stance triangle and the Stancetaking Model, the paper elaborates the nature and connotation of stance and stancetaking, emphasizing that the field of study not only involves subjectivity and more importantly intersubjectivity;(3) The paper discusses the two major and important functions of stancetaking: legitimation and persuasion;(4) The paper investigates the classification of stancetaking: effective stance strategies and epistemic stance strategies, and briefly discusses the linguistic resources expressing these strategies. Finally, the paper points out that the future research needs to use the empirical methods from corpus linguistics and psychology and adopts the perspective of“triangulation”to explore the acceptance and responses of stancetaking from listeners and readers.