视角化与语义建构

Perspectivization and Semantic Construction

目前学界专谈视角化与语义建构的关系者,极为鲜有。本文立足于认知语言学,就这一关系展开相关论析,主要提出四点看法:一是思维指向是催生视角化的关键要素,而生发思维指向的诱因是客观事物外在和内在的多维性和主观识解的多维性;二是客观事物的外在多维性和内在多维性是形成不同思维指向的必要条件,情感态度、立场观点、历史文化等是衍生主观识解的前提条件,主观识解的多维性是诱发不同思维指向的充分条件;三是事物的多维性就是事物本身提供的多视点,视角化是在多视点中受思维指向的引导选择特定视点的结果;四是语义建构是思维指向经视角化后借助语言所呈现出的内容组织,即语义的表达方式。因此,视角化是语义建构的基础,决定语义表达的内容形式,而语义建构则是视角化在语言层面的具体实现,通过语言呈现视角化的结果。两者相互依存,共同构成认知主体理解和表达世界的重要方式。

Currently,there is a significant lack of academic discussion of the relationship between perspectivization and semantic construction.Based on cognitive linguistics,this article analyzes this relationship and mainly presents four points of view:Firstly,thinking direction is a key element in triggering perspectivization,and the incentive for generating thinking direction is the external and internal multi-dimensionality of objective things,as well as the multi-dimensionality of subjective construal.Secondly,the external and internal multi-dimensionality of objective matters is a necessary condition for shaping different thinking directions,while emotional attitude,position,historical culture,etc.,are the prerequisites for forming subjective construal,the multi-dimensionality of which is a sufficient condition for inducing different thinking directions.Thirdly,the multi-dimensionality of things is the multi-viewpoints provided by the things themselves,and perspectivization is the result of viewpoint selection guided by thinking direction among multi-viewpoints.Fourthly,semantic construction is the organization of content presented by language after the thinking direction undergoes perspectivizing process,which is the expression of relevant meanings.Therefore,perspectivization serves as the foundation for semantic construction,determining the content and manner of semantic expression.Meanwhile,semantic construction represents the concrete realization of perspectivization at the linguistic level,presenting the results of perspectivization through language.Both are interdependent and jointly constitute an important way for cognitive subjects to understand and express the world.