感官与诗:济慈的感官论诗学观念

Sensation and Poetry:Keats's Sensualist Conception of Poetics

本文以济慈的感官论诗学观念为研究对象。济慈紧承英国经验主义哲学传统,将感官视为真理的唯一来源,从而建立起感官论观念。以此为依据,他再以感官论审视诗歌,认为感官是诗歌创作的唯一媒介,审美是最终目的,从而建立起感官论诗学观念。济慈以感官论诗学为基本原则,一方面反对英国18世纪新古典主义诗学立场,另一方面肯定文艺复兴传统中英国诗人的感官性诗学表现。此外,济慈的诗作具有强烈的感官性特征,并主要表现在词汇选取和通感运用之上,这是感官论诗学观念在诗歌创作层面上的集中表现。总体而言,感官论在济慈的诗学观念之中居于主导地位,表现在体系建立、诗歌评论,以及诗歌创作等层面上。

Keats's sensualist conception of poetics is the focus of this article.Keats follows closely the British empiricist tradition of philosophy,and his sensualism is established by the consideration of sensation as the sole origin of truth.Based upon the above assumption,sensualism is applied to the evaluation of poetry,and Keats's sensualist conception of poetics is established by the consideration of sensation as the sole medium of poetical creation and of esthetic appreciation as the final end.Sensualist conception of poetics is taken by Keats as the fundamental principle,on the one hand,to dispute against the Classicist poetical position in the 18th-Century Britain,and,on the other,to affirm the sensualist performances in the poetry of the British poets in the tradition of Renaissance.In addition,the intensive sensualist characteristics in the poems of Keats,as reflected in the choices of poetical diction and in the employment of synaesthesia,shows the application of Keats's sensualist conception of poetics to the writing of his poems.In general,sensualism dominates over Keats's poetical conception,and is embodied in the construction of the conceptual system,in the evaluation of poetry and in the writing of poems.