新型冠状病毒感染防控措施对南京市法定传染病流行特征的影响

Influence of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Nanjing City

目的分析新型冠状病毒感染“乙类甲管”前(2017—2019年)后(2020—2022年)南京市法定传染病报告发病特征。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对新型冠状病毒感染“乙类甲管”前后南京市法定传染病报告发病情况进行分析。结果从传播途径看,2017—2019年经肠道、自然疫源及虫媒、血源及性传播途径的法定传染病年均报告发病率均高于2020—2022年(χ^(2)=6113.10、8.29、85.14,均P<0.05),呼吸道传染病年均报告发病率低于2020—2022年(χ^(2)=314.84,P<0.05)。从地区分布看,相比新型冠状病毒感染“乙类甲管”前,雨花台区呼吸道传染病年均报告发病率明显下降(-191.45%);江宁区(+37.80%)和栖霞区血源及性传播途径的法定传染病(+34.69%)、鼓楼区自然疫源及虫媒传播途径的法定传染病(+31.85%)年均报告发病率呈上升趋势。结论新型冠状病毒感染“乙类甲管”期间,丙类传染病年均报告发病率下降明显;不同传播途径的法定传染病呈现不同的流行特征变化,提示新型冠状病毒感染“乙类甲管”防控措施是其他法定传染病发病规律变化的影响因素。

Objective To analyze the reported incidence characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Nanjing before(2017-2019)and after(2020-2022)the"Class B infectious diseases managed as Class A infectious diseases"for COVID-19.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Nanjing City before and after the"Class B infectious diseases managed as Class A infectious diseases"for COVID-19.Results In terms of routes of transmission,the average annual reported incidence rates of notifiable infectious diseases from intestinal tract,natural focus and vector-borne,bloodborne and sexually transmitted routes in 2017 to 2019 were higher than that from 2020 to 2022(χ^(2)=6113.10,8.29,85.14,all P<0.05),while the average annual reported incidence rate of respiratory infectious diseases was lower than that from 2020 to 2022(χ^(2)=314.84,P<0.05).In terms of regional distribution,compared with the period before the"Class B infectious diseases managed as Class A infectious diseases"for COVID-19,the average annual reported incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in Yuhuatai District decreased significantly(-191.45%).The average annual reported incidence rates of blood-borne and sexually transmitted routes of transmission of notifiable infectious diseases in Jiangning District(+37.80%)and Qixia District(+34.69%),and natural focus and vector-borne routes of transmission of notifiable infectious diseases in Gulou District(+31.85%)showed an increasing trend.Conclusion During the period of"Class B infectious diseases managed as Class A infectious diseases"for COVID-19,the average annual reported incidence rates of Class C infectious diseases are decreased statistically significant.The notifiable infectious diseases with different transmission routes showed different epidemiological characteristics changes,suggesting that the preventive and control measures of"Class B infectious diseases managed as Class A infectious diseases"for COVID-19 are influencing factors of the incidence patterns of other notifiable infectious diseases.