绵阳市涪城区不同时间段水痘疫情流行特征对比分析

Comparative analysis of epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemic at different time segments in Fucheng District,Mianyang City

目的对比分析绵阳市涪城区2008—2012年、2013—2017年、2018—2022年(简称“3个时间段”)水痘疫情流行特征,为有效预防与控制绵阳市涪城区水痘疫情发生及流行提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对绵阳市涪城区3个时间段报告的水痘病例进行对比分析。结果绵阳市涪城区3个时间段报告水痘病例5780例,无死亡病例,发病率为62.91/10万,不同时间段水痘发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1033.853,P<0.001),发病率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=75.192,P<0.001)。城区发病率高于乡镇(χ^(2)=767.959,P<0.001)。发病时间以11月至次年1月为主,4~7月次之,形成两个发病高峰。3个时间段和累计报告发病率男性均高于女性(χ^(2)=27.147、6.289、90.511、104.023,均P<0.001)。发病年龄以10~<20岁为主,不同年龄组发病率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17481.537,均P<0.001)。水痘发病以学生为主(73.32%),临床诊断占97.27%。结论绵阳市涪城区水痘发病呈上升趋势,发病人群主要为学生(中、小学),应加强重点人群水痘疫苗的接种,加强水痘疫情监测等工作。

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2008 to 2012,from 2013 to 2017,and from 2018 to 2022(referred to as the"three time segments"),to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of the occurrence of the epidemic and prevalence of varicella in Fucheng District,Mianyang City.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to compare and analyze the reported cases of varicella in three time segments in Fucheng District,Mianyang City.Results A total of 5780 cases of varicella were reported in Fucheng District of Mianyang City in three time segments,with no deaths case,and the incidence was 62.91/100000.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of varicella in different time segments(χ^(2)=1033.853,P<0.001),with an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=75.192,P<0.001)in incidence rate.The incidence rate was higher in urban areas than in towns(χ^(2)=767.959,P<0.001).The onset time was mainly from November to January of the following year,followed by April to July,forming two peaks of incidence.All three time segments and reported incidence rate were higher in males than in females(χ^(2)=27.147,6.289,90.511,104.023,all P<0.001).The age of onset was predominantly in the age group of 10-<20 years,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=17481.537,all P<0.001)in the incidence rate of different age groups.The incidence of varicella was mainly among students(73.32%),with clinical diagnosis accounting for 97.27%.Conclusion The incidence of varicella is on the rise in Fucheng District,Mianyang City,and the incidence of the disease is mainly concentrated in students(primary and secondary schools).It is necessary to strengthen the vaccination of varicella accines in key populations and strengthen the monitoring of the varicella epidemic etcetera.