小凉山彝区居民传染病健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of health literacy of infectious diseases among residents in Xiaoliangshan Yi Region

目的了解四川省乐山市小凉山彝区居民传染病健康素养现状和影响因素,为采取针对性的干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2022年1—6月对小凉山地区峨边县、金口河区、马边彝族自治县常住人口的传染病健康素养和相关影响因素开展现况研究。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验和logistic回归对数据进行统计分析。结果被调查的2000人中具备传染病健康素养的416人,健康素养具备率为20.80%,男性(OR=0.687,95%CI:0.589~0.801)、彝族(OR=0.232,95%CI:0.159~0.337)、自评不能维护自身健康(OR=0.316,95%CI:0.222~0.448)、不关注身边人是否患传染病(OR=0.527,95%CI:0.376~0.739)不易具备传染病健康素养。大专及以上文化(OR=3.826,95%CI:1.469~9.967)、平均每天上网2~3h(OR=2.383,95%CI:1.242~4.575)、专业技术工作(OR=7.087,95%CI:2.203~22.794)更易具备传染病健康素养。结论小凉山彝区居民传染病健康素养水平相对较低,需重点关注文化程度低、农村男性彝族居民,并针对不同对象特征开展有针对性的、切实可行的干预措施。

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of infectious disease health literacy among residents in Xiaoliangshan Yi Region,Leshan,Sichuan Province,so as to provide reference basis for targeted interventions.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a status quo study on the health literacy of infectious diseases and related influencing factors of the resident population in Ebian County,Jinkouhe District,Mabian Yi Autonomous County of Xiaoliangshan Region from January to June 2022.The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H test and logistic regression.Results Among the 2000 people surveyed,416 had health literacy for infectious diseases,the availability rate of health literacy was 20.80%.Male gender(OR=0.687,95%CI:0.589-0.801),Yi ethnicity(OR=0.232,95%CI:0.159-0.337),individuals with self-perception of inability to maintain personal health(OR=0.316,95%CI:0.222-0.448),and lack of concern regarding the infectious disease status of those around them(OR=0.527,95%CI:0.376-0.739)were associated with lower likelihood of possessing infectious disease health literacy.Individuals with a college education or higher(OR=3.826,95%CI:1.469-9.967),those spending an average of 2-3 hours daily on the Internet(OR=2.383,95%CI:1.242-4.575),those engaged in professional or technical occupations(OR=7.087,95%CI:2.203-22.794)were more likely to demonstrate infectious disease health literacy.Conclusion The level of infectious disease health literacy among residents of the Xiaoliangshan Yi Region is relatively low.It is imperative to focus on residents with lower educational attainment,as well as rural male Yi residents,and implement targeted and feasible interventions tailored to the characteristics of different target groups.