南南合作视阈下土耳其发展对索马里关系研究

Study on Turkish-Somali Relations from the View of South-South Cooperation

2024年2月8日,索马里与土耳其签署了为期十年的《国防与经济合作框架协议》,引发国际社会对双方关系的重视。自2011年索马里饥荒爆发以来,土耳其通过人道主义援助积极发展与索马里关系,对索马里的援助超过土耳其对其他非洲国家的援助。在横向合作方面,双方在粮食、教育、医疗、经贸、军事安全,以及能源安全领域建立了稳定而长期的合作关系。纵向上,土耳其与索马里的关系逐步从援助国—受援国转向盟友关系,双方在维护索马里主权稳定、打击恐怖主义和海盗方面展开深入合作。本文认为,土耳其将发展与索马里关系视为土耳其与非洲国家建立“南南合作”的重要实践。土耳其以索马里为切入点加速深化与非洲国家的南南合作伙伴关系,进而拓宽其外交空间。土耳其发展与索马里关系具有把人道主义援助与地缘政治利益追求相结合、政府与非政府行为体协同参与,以及通过制度化手段形成稳固和长期的联盟关系等特点。但土耳其发展与索马里关系仍有一定限度,并使得非洲之角和红海地区局势变得更加复杂化。

The signing of the ten-year Defense and Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between Somalia and Turkey on February 8, 2024, has drawn international attention to the relationship between the two countries. Since the onset of the Somali famine in 2011, Turkey has been actively cultivated its relationship with Somalia through humanitarian aid, surpassing its assistance to other African countries. In terms of horizontal cooperation, the two sides have established stable and long-term cooperation in areas such as food, education, healthcare, economy, military security, and energy security. Vertically, the relationship between Turkey and Somalia has gradually shifted from donor-recipient to alliance, with both sides engaging in extensive cooperation to uphold Somalia's sovereignty, stability, and combat terrorism and piracy issues.This paper argues that Turkey views the development of its relationship with Somalia as an important practice of establishing South-South cooperation with African countries,and accelerates the deepening of South-South partnerships with African countries through Somalia as an entry point to broaden its diplomatic space. The development of Turkey's relations with Somalia exhibits certain characteristics, such as the combination of humanitarian aid with geopolitical interests, the engagement of governmental and non-governmental actors, and the formation of stable and long-term alliance through institutionalized means. However, Turkey's development of relations with Somalia still has certain limits and further complicates the situation in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region.