高位池和工厂化养殖模式下斑节对虾肝胰腺和肠道微生物特征分析

Distribution characteristics of microorganisms in hepatopancreas and intestine of Penaeus monodon under industrial and high-pond culture modes

为阐述在不同养殖模式下斑节对虾(非洲群体)(Penaeus monodon)肝胰腺和肠道微生物的特征,基于高通量测序、Biolog ECO技术探讨了高位池和工厂化养殖模式下斑节对虾肝胰腺、肠道菌群结构特征及肠道微生物代谢活性。高通量测序结果显示,高位池养殖模式下对虾肠道菌群多样性及丰富度显著高于工厂化养殖模式,且同类样本距离较近,体现了不同模式对虾样品中物种的异质性和多样性。不同样品中的细菌门类及相对丰度结果显示,对虾肠道菌群的优势菌门包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等,其中比例最高的是变形菌门;在属水平上,工厂化养殖模式中相对丰度最高的是发光杆菌属(Photobacterium),高位池养殖模式中相对丰度最高的是红杆菌属(Rhodobacterium)和弧菌属(Vibrio)。基于Unifrac距离的生态聚集分析结果显示,生态聚集过程应该与环境特征和养殖策略有直接的关系。肠道微生物代谢活性总体变化趋势结果显示,随着时间的延长,72 h前微生物整体代谢活性呈现快速增加趋势,随后变缓并逐渐趋于平稳;不同养殖模式下斑节对虾肠道微生物代谢碳源种类和活性具有显著差异。

To describe the characteristics of microorganisms in the hepatopancreas and intestine of Penaeus monodon under different culture modes,the structural characteristics of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota and the metabolic activities of intestinal microorganisms of P.monodon under high-level pond and industrial culture modes were investigated based on high-throughput sequencing and Biolog ECO technology.The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota in the high-level pond culture mode were significantly higher than those in the factory culture mode,and the similar samples were closer,reflecting the heterogeneity and diversity of species in the shrimp samples of different modes.The results of bacterial phyla and relative abundance in different samples showed that the dominant phyla of shrimp intestinal flora included Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Planctomycetes,Actinobacteria,etc.,and the highest proportion was Proteobacteria.At the genus level,the highest relative abundance in the factory culture mode was Photobacterium,and the highest relative abundance in the high-pond culture mode was Rhodobacterium and Vibrio.Based on the results of Unifrac distance ecological aggregation analysis,the ecological aggregation process should be directly related to environmental characteristics and breeding strategies.The metabolic activity of intestinal microorganisms increased rapidly in first 72 hours,but then slowed down and stabilized gradually with time extends.The types and activities of intestinal microbial metabolic carbon sources of shrimp under different culture modes showed different trends.