智能制造、人力资本结构与企业全要素生产率

Intelligent Manufacturing,Human Capital Structure and Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises

基于2011~2021年中国A股制造业上市公司的面板数据,通过引入智能制造试点示范行动的准自然实验,构建双重差分模型,综合考察智能制造对企业全要素生产率的影响并检验人力资本结构升级机制是否存在。研究发现,智能制造能够提高企业全要素生产率且企业人力资本学历结构升级和技能结构升级是重要的作用机制。异质性分析表明,相较于国有企业和资本密集型企业,智能制造提高企业全要素生产率的作用效果在非国有企业和劳动力密集型企业中更明显。进一步讨论证实,生产型智能制造模式和协同型智能制造模式均可提高企业全要素生产率,但前者的作用效果更强。据此,应进一步扩大智能制造试点范围,加强对员工的技能培训,提高协同型智能制造模式的数据处理和分析能力,强化智能制造对制造业高质量发展的赋能作用。

Based on the panel data of A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2011 to 2021,this paper introduces a quasi-natural experiment of intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration action,builds a difference-in-difference model,comprehensively examines the impact of intelligent manufacturing on the total factor productivity of enterprises,and tests whether the human capital structure upgrading mechanism exists.It is found that intelligent manufacturing can improve the total factor productivity of enterprises,and the upgrading of human capital education structure and skill structure are important mechanism.Heterogeneity analysis shows that compared with state-owned enterprises and capital-intensive enterprises,the effect of intelligent manufacturing on improving the total factor productivity of enterprises is more obvious in non-state-owned enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises.O.Further discussion proves that both production-oriented intelligent manufacturing mode and collaborative intelligent manufacturing mode can improve the total factor productivity of enterprises,but the effect of the former is stronger.Accordingly,it is necessary to further expand the scope of intelligent manufacturing pilot,strengthen the skills training of employees,appropriately improve the data processing and analysis capabilities of collaborative intelligent manufacturing mode,and strengthen the enabling role of intelligent manufacturing for the high-quality development of manufacturing.