下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of self-management ability in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

目的分析下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理潜在类别及影响因素。方法采用一般资料问卷、下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力量表、社会支持评定量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表对470例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者进行调查,采用潜在剖面分析建立了4个下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力潜在类别模型,采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力潜在类别的影响因素。结果下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力分为“情绪改进型”(21.28%)、“日常生活改进型”(25.53%)、“全面改进型”(36.17%)和“全面保持型”(17.02%)4种潜在类别。文化程度、家庭人均月收入、吸烟、饮酒、居住地、体质指数、社会支持、焦虑为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理潜在类别的影响因素。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者自我管理能力处于中等水平,且具有明显的分类特征,医护人员可以根据患者不同自我管理类别特征,制订针对性的干预措施,以提高患者自我管理能力。

Objective To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of self-management in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods A total of 470 patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans were investigated by General Information Questionnaire,Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Patients Self-Management Ability Scale,Social Support Rating Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Four potential categories models of self-management ability of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans were established by latent profile analysis.The influencing factors of potential categories of self-management ability of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans were explored by disordered multiple Logistic regression analysis.Results The self-management ability of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans was divided into four potential categories:"emotional improvement"(21.28%),"daily life improvement"(25.53%),"comprehensive improvement"(36.17%)and"comprehensive maintenance"(17.02%).Education level,family per capita monthly income,smoking,drinking,place of residence,body mass index(BMI),social support and anxiety were the influencing factors of self-management potential categories in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans.Conclusion The self-management ability of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans is at a medium level and has obvious classification characteristics.Medical staff can formulate targeted intervention measures according to the characteristics of different self-management categories of patients to improve their self-management ability.