依托大国小农格局建设中国特色农业强国:逻辑探源、优势支撑与政策展望

Building a Strong Agriculture with Chinese Characteristics by Relying on the Pattern of Small Farmers in a Big Country:Logical Exploration,Advantageous Support and Policy Prospects

农业强国是社会主义现代化强国战略体系的基础构件,将农业强国共识性规定深度内嵌于“大国小农”独特的历史传统和现实境遇是开辟中国式农业农村现代化道路的方法论前提。从理论可行性上看,依托大国小农格局建设中国特色农业强国是中国共产党逐步破除“小农消亡论”教条化理解、探索传统小农本土改造方案的历史经验,是超越西方资本叙事窠臼、建构农业现代化自主话语体系的内在要求,也是新发展阶段挖掘家户经营组织优势、优化农业生产要素配置的现实需要。从实践可操作性上看,当前我国迈入“城乡中国”阶段,在发展道路、文明根基和政治制度等维度具备的显著优势正为探索农业强国建设新道路不断厚植底蕴支撑。面向2050年全面实现农业农村现代化的中长期愿景,新征程上要贯彻“大食物观”同步实现粮食稳产保供和粮农增收致富、依托村社集体重构统筹实施“双规模经营”、坚持科技创新和制度优化“双轮驱动”持续塑造农业新质生产力,为增强家户经营内生动能、实现“大国小农”向“大国强农”历史性跨越奠定坚实基础。

A strong agricultural country is the basic component of the strategic system of socialist modernisation,and embedding the consensus provisions of a strong agricultural country in the unique historical traditions and realities of“big country,small farms”is a methodological prerequisite for opening up the road of Chinese modernisation of agriculture and rural areas.In terms of theoretical feasibility,the construction of a strong agriculture with Chinese characteristics based on the pattern of small farmers in a large country is the historical experience of the CPC in gradually breaking the dogmatic understanding of“the theory of the demise of small farmer”and exploring the local transformation programme of the traditional small farmer,and it is the intrinsic requirement of transcending the stereotypes of the Western capitalist narrative and constructing an autonomous discourse system of agricultural modernization,and is also the practical need of the new development stage to tap the advantages of household management and organization and optimize the allocation of agricultural production factors.From the perspective of practical applicability,China has entered the stage of“urban-rural China”,and its significant advantages in terms of development path,civilisation foundation and political system are continuously planting the underlying support for exploring the new road of building a strong agricultural country.Facing the medium to long-term vision of fully realising the modernisation of agriculture and rural areas by 2050,on the new journey,it is necessary to implement the“big food concept”to simultaneously achieve stable grain production and supply and increase the incomes of grain farmers and make them rich,to co-ordinate the implementation of“dual-scale management”based on the restructuring of the collective structure of villages and communes,to adhere to the“two-wheel drive”of scientific and technological innovation and system optimisation will continue to shape the new quality productive forces of agriculture,enhance the internal dynamics of household management,and realise the historic leap from“small farmers in a big country”to“strong farmers in a big country”.