冻土爆破问题及技术研究方向分析

Analysis of Frozen Soil Blasting Problem and Technical Research Direction

中国处于常年冻土或季节性冻土的露天矿数量多,分布广。梳理了当前冻土爆破的特点及问题,分析了露天矿冻土爆破问题的难点,并提出未来的研究趋势。露天矿冻土爆破应着力于解决以下问题:①建立冻土本构模型,解决模型难以建立、试验结果不准确的问题;②研究冻土爆破各影响因素之间的关系,建立相关数学模型,优化爆破效果;③开展冻土爆破材料和抗水、抗冻性能炸药研究,解决冻土爆破炸药感度较低问题;④从台阶爆破的设计和管理角度预防大块率超标,优化冻土爆破工艺,确保露天矿台阶冻土爆破的安全高效生产。

China has a large number of open-pit mines in perennial frozen soil or seasonal frozen soil,which are widely distributed.The characteristics and problems of current frozen soil blasting are sorted out,the difficulties of frozen soil blasting in open-pit mines are analyzed,and the future research trends are put forward.The frozen soil blasting in open-pit mine should focus on solving the following problems:①Establish a frozen soil constitutive model to solve the problem that the model is difficult to establish and the test results are inaccurate.②The relationship between the influencing factors of frozen soil blasting is studied,and the relevant mathematical model is established to optimize the blasting effect.③Research on frozen soil blasting materials and water-resistant and frost-resistant explosives was carried out,to solve the problem of low sensitivity of frozen soil blasting explosives.④From the perspective of the design and management of bench blasting,the large block rate is prevented from exceeding the standard,and the frozen soil blasting process is optimized to ensure the safe and efficient production of bench frozen soil blasting in open-pit mines.